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Phil101 examWITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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11/1/24, 2:23 AM Phil101 exam Flashcards | QuizletPhil101 exam
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
every finite being has a cause, nothing finite can cause itself. A casual chain cannot
be of infinite length, therefore a first cause must exist.
What is the cosmological argument?
- Originated by Thomas Aquinas in the 1200s
What is the teleological argument? Irreducible complexity, natural law, and order point to a creator- an intelligent being
the argument that God, being defined as most great or perfect, must exist, since a
What is the ontological argument?
God who exists is greater than a God who does not.
1. Everything we know has a cause
What is the cosmological argument in 2. There can't be an infinite regress of causes
premise form? 3. Therefore, there must be a first cause
4. Therefore, this first cause is God.
1. God is the greatest possible being.
2. God exists at least in the understanding.
3. A being who exists only in the mind is not as great as a being who exists
What is the Ontological argument in
in reality also.
premise form?
4. If God existed only in the mind he would not be the greatest possible
being.
5. Therefore, God must exist in reality
Who originated the teleological argument? William Paley
1. Parts of nature are like machines; there are particular teleological systems
within nature.
- Advantage: easier premise to defend.
- Disadvantage: the inference to a being responsible for the whole of nature is
weaker.
What are the two versions of the
teleological argument and what are their
2. The whole of nature is like a machine; nature as a whole must be understood
strengths/weaknesses
as one teleological system.
- Advantage: the conclusion will be the existence of a being responsible for
the whole of nature.
- Disadvantage: can we show that the universe as a whole aims at some end
or goal?
It's an argument from analogy, so attack the similarity in the analogy.
Objection to Teleological Argument
- The watchmaker is very different from what God is supposed to be like. Imperfect.
1. A watch has intricate parts that work together in a complex way
What is the teleological argument in because someone designed it.
premise form? 2. The universe has intricate parts that work together in a complex way.
3. Therefore, someone designed the universe
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