Advanced Pathophysiology -Renal Test Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update Graded A+
what are the three main structural sections of the kidney - Answers pelvis, medulla, corteX
Pelvis - Answers Comprised of calices, urinary collecting structures
Medulla - Answers middle portion; contains renal pyramids (collecting ducts and loop of henle
cortex - Answers outer rim (1 cm). contains glomeruli and nephron tubules
endocrine functions of the kidney - Answers secretion of renin, production of prostaglandins and kinin,
production of erythropoietin, activation of vitamin D3, gluconeogenesis, metabolism of insulin and
steroids.
excretion functions of the kidney - Answers glomerular filtration rate
tubular secretion
tubular reabsorption
rate of excretion= rate of filtration + rate of secretion - rate of reabsorption
parts of nephron - Answers glomerulus, proximal CT, descending loop of henle, collecting tubule, distal
collecting tubule, ascending loop of henle
function of glomerulus - Answers filters fluid from blood
function proximal CT - Answers reabsorbs water, electrolytes, bicarb, glucose, amino acids, vitamins
descending loop of henle - Answers reabsorbs water
ascending loop of henle - Answers actively reabsorbs Na, K, Cl. results in high osmolatity
distal CT - Answers reabsorbs Na, Cl, water, urea
secrets H and K
collecting tubule - Answers reabsorbs water under the influence of ADH
secretes H and K
factors that affect glomerular filtration - Answers -afferent arteriole constriction and efferent ateriole
dilation decrease GFR
-afferent dilation and efferent constriction increase GFR
-Angiotensin II and prostaglandins are important chemical mediators of arteriolar resistance
, how do calcium channel blockers affect arterioles - Answers dilate afferent arteriole
how do ACE inhibitors affect arterioles - Answers dilate efferent arteriole
how do calcineruin inhibitors/immunosuppressants (tacrolimus) affect arterioles? - Answers constricts
afferent arteriole
what 3 important hormones do kidneys release? - Answers Erythropoietin
Renin
calcitriol
Erythropoietin - Answers -stimulates bone marrow to make RBC
-synthetic form of erythropoietin derived via recombinant DNA techniques can be used for treatment of
anemia: Epoetin alfa (epogen, procrit) and Darbopoetin alfa (aranesp)
renin - Answers regulates blood pressure
calcitriol - Answers active form of Vitamin D
helps maintain calcium for bones and normal chemical balance in the body
prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency = rocaltrol, calcijex, zemplar, hectoral
urinalysis - Answers test of renal structure/function
normal- clear. pale/yellow/amber. normal small. 6.0-7.4 pH. NO glucose, ketones, nitrite, LE, protein,
RBC/WBC
abnormal- cloudy (protein, cast, bacteria, crystals). red/brown/green. malodorous (smells). PRESENT-
glucose, ketones, nitrite, LE, protein, RBC/WBC
serum creatinine/BUN - Answers indicators of renal function
reduced GFR= increased levels of serum creatinine and BUN
normal ratio is 10-15: 1
pt characteristics that increase serum creatinine - Answers eating lots of meat, exercise, increase muscle
mass, cimetidine, trimethoprim, increase age, african american
pt characteristics that decrease serum creatinine - Answers muscle wasting, female, amputation,
vegetarian
pt characteristics that increase BUN - Answers gastrointestinal hemorrhage, corticosteroids, tetracycline,
catabolic state
