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TRANSCULTURAL NURSING EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS UPDATED (2024/2025)
(VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Cultural Mindedness - ANS ✓The aptitude for dealing with cross-cultural
interactions and situations. This is what healthcare providers bring to the clinical
encounter. Part of the aptitude is derived from nature, but part of it also can be
purposefully nourished. We consider this aptitude to be the basis of the cultural
competence, and enhancing our CM will develop it.
Cultural Mindedness -Domains - ANS ✓Attitude: curiosity, respect, desire to
connect
Awareness -awareness of world views, healthcare provider has a distinct
worldview, power dynamics and how they effect relationship
Autobiography -healthcare provider's unique life experience, which also
powerfully contributes to CM: past, present, and future (aspirations).
cultural proficiency - ANS ✓Part of the cultural competence continuum. This
stage where practitioners and organizations value diversity and seek out the
positive role that culture can play in health and health care.
Ethnocentrism - ANS ✓A belief that one's own cultural values, beliefs, and
behaviours are the best, preferred, and most superior ways.
Cultural Destructiveness - ANS ✓Refers to attitudes, practices, and
organizational policies that focus on the superiority of one culture to the extent
that other cultures are dehumanized and destroyed.
Acculturation - ANS ✓The process by which members of a cultural group learn
an adopt behaviours of a different culture as a result of close, often continuous,
contact.
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Four types -assimilation, integration, rejection, deculturaiton.
Cultural Incapacity - ANS ✓Refers to the inability of healthcare providers and
institutions to help clients from different cultures. The dominant client group
serves as the norm for all care, and systemic biases lead to paternalism or
exclusionary approaches for diverse communities. The subtle and not-so-subtle
messages are that members of communities that are different are not welcomes,
valued, or able to fit into all systems of care. The expectation is that the minority
culture will adapt to, accept, and even be grateful for, the care provided. Cultural
incapacity is said to exist when healthcare providers are aware of the need to do
things differently but do not recognize the significance of cultural competence or
see it as their role, or else feel powerless against the system.
cultural pre-competence - ANS ✓Refers to the recognition of needs based on
cultural and some movement toward meeting those needs. Examples of cultural
pre-competence includes
- the desire to delivery high-quality, cost effective services
-engagement with individuals and communities to ask "what can we do?"
- development of inclusive polices and workforce diversity initiatives
Cultural Proficiency - ANS ✓Practitioners and organizations in this stage value
diversity and seek out the positive role that culture can play in health and
healthcare. Rather than just providing unbiased care, cultural proficient
healthcare providers and agencies look for opportunities to create new
knowledge and innovative practices to ensure high-quality healthcare for all.
Cultural Blindness - ANS ✓Occurs when the existence of cultural differences is
denied in a desire to be unbias and treat all clients identically. Cultural blindness
prevents us from examining and longstanding system biases that exist in our
clinical practices and in ourselves, and thus prevents us from developing ways of
enhancing the safety and quality of healthcare experiences for all communities.
Ethnicity - ANS ✓A group identity based on culture, language, or a common
attachment to a place or kin ties.
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Means different things to different people.
Equity - ANS ✓Equality of opportunity, access and outcome. Equity is different
from equal or same treatment for all, and implies differential treatment to
achieve equality in access and outcome.
Health Inequity - ANS ✓The presence of systematic disparities in health (or in
the major social determinants of health) between social groups who have
different levels of underlying social advantage/disadvantage.
Healthy immigrant effect - ANS ✓Refers to the observation that immigrants
(male and female) are often in superior health compared with the native born
population when they first arrive in a new country, but lose this health advantage
overtime.
Perinatal Period Healthy Immigrant effect - ANS ✓Immigrant women are
more likely to deliver a small- for gestational age infant compared with Canadian
born women.
Immigrant women's risk of preterm birth and low birthweight are similar
to or worse than Canadian born women.
Immigrant mothers have worse self-rated health than Canadian born
mothers. They also have more postpartum health problems such as pain,
bleeding and HTN. Mental health in immigrant mothers is especially poor.
Generalizations - ANS ✓Many professionals claim that generalizations about
any cultural group are inappropriate. The culture literacy approach is criticized
chiefly on the basis that generalizations are not appropriate because they ignore
variations within a culture group, and therefore stereotype individuals.
Generalizations are necessary to understand groups, but they should not be
imposed upon individuals within the groups. Generalizations are a necessary
beginning point, indicating trends and patterns that require additional
information as to their appropriateness and applicability to specific individuals
and situations; stereotypes are an end point in which complexities are not
explored and assumptions are imposed.
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Cultural imposition - ANS ✓The healthcare provider's viewpoint is assumed to
be somehow superior and efforts are made to convince the client to accept the
viewpoint.
Strategies for Improving Direct Communication with Clients who have
Limited English Proficiency - ANS ✓1. Speak slowly, not loudly.
2. Face the person and use nonverbal communication (adapt)
3. Avoid difficult and uncommon words and idiomatic expressions.
4. Be aware of frequently misunderstood words such as "anxiety,"
depression," "dizziness," and other words that describe sensations
5. Don't complicate the communication with unnecessary words or
information
6. Organize what you say for easy access
7. Repeat when you have not been understood
8. Rephrase and summarize often.
9. Don't ask close ended questions.
10. Greet the client in the client's own language to establish rapport.
High Context Communication - ANS ✓The listener is already contextualized (I.e
knows all the relevant circumstances) and therefore has the necessary
background information to understand the concerns and key messages. The
message is not as much in the spoken world as it is embedded in the context.
i.e conversation between partners who share so much hx that they
understand each other without having to say very much.
- there is a greater emphasis on listening and noting responses in body
language as well as speech.
Concerned with overall emotional quality of the interaction
Low Context Communication - ANS ✓The assumption is that the listener knows
very little and must be told practically everything. The message is in spoken
word.
i.e in a teaching learning situation
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