A researcher studies whether onchocerciasis ("river blindness" caused by a parasitic worm infection) can be cured by doxycycline treatment (an antibiotic that kills the parasite's bacterial symbiont).
A)Onchocerciasis is the independent variable, doxycycline treatment is the dependent variable
B)...
BBH 310 Final Exam || Already Graded A+.
A researcher studies whether onchocerciasis ("river blindness" caused by a parasitic worm
infection) can be cured by doxycycline treatment (an antibiotic that kills the parasite's bacterial
symbiont).
A)Onchocerciasis is the independent variable, doxycycline treatment is the dependent variable
B) Doxycycline treatment is the independent variable, onchocerciasis is the dependent variable
correct answers Doxycycline treatment is the independent variable, onchocerciasis is the
dependent variable
A group of researchers is interested in studying the association between breastfeeding and
growth among infants in a remote South American region where malnutrition is a widespread
problem. They find that more breastfeeding is associated with less growth, suggesting that
breastfeeding is harmful. Later they realize that it was actually children's poor growth that led to
increased breastfeeding by their concerned mothers. This is an example of
a)regular causality
b) reverse causality
c)third variable causality
d)bidirectional causality correct answers reverse causality
A certain mutation in a particular gene encoding a receptor is associated with reduced risk of
becoming addicted to smoking. The reason for the risk reduction is a reduced binding affinity for
nicotine at the receptor. In this example
a)The predictor is smoking, the mechanism is nicotine binding, and the genetic mutation is the
outcome
b)The predictor is the genetic mutation, the mechanism is nicotine binding, smoking is the
outcome
c)The predictor is smoking, the mechanism is the genetic mutation, and nicotine binding is the
outcome
d)The predictor is nicotine binding, the mechanism is the genetic mutation, and smoking is the
outcome correct answers The predictor is the genetic mutation, the mechanism is nicotine
binding, smoking is the outcome
Which lists a person variable first and a situation variable next?
a)What drugs you're taking, what genes you have inherited
b)What genes you have inherited; what drugs you're taking correct answers What genes you have
inherited; what drugs you're taking
Imagine we are part of a research team studying psychological effects on blood pressure. In one
experiment, we investigate two factors that may influence blood pressure: the excitement of
winning money and having a risk-taker personality. Which predictor variable is more difficult to
randomly assign in an experiment?
a)Risk taker personality
b)Blood pressure
c)Winning money correct answers Risk Taker Personality
,When a scientist observes a correlation between two variables and then draws a conclusion that
those two variables are indeed causing each other, this relies on _______ logic.
a)inductive
b)deductive correct answers inductive
What kind of evidence is good enough to agree something is true? What are our standards for
calling something "incontrovertible truth"? These kinds of questions are best classified as the
domain of
a)Ontology
b)Epistemology
c)Phenomenology
d)Logic correct answers Epistemology
What kind of review does an Institutional Review Board (IRB) do?
a)Grant review, to see if a project is worthy of funding
b)Ethical review, to see if research subjects are adequately protected as required by law
c)Manuscript review, to see if a research article should be published in a certain journal correct
answers Ethical review, to see if research subjects are adequately protected as required by law
Imagine you are an expert on maternal mortality during childbirth. You want to write a detailed
analysis of all published studies investigating how preventable infections contribute to maternal
mortality in developing countries, mostly for a scientific audience. Your colleague at the World
Health Organization wants you to write a pamphlet for health care providers summarizing the
practically useful take home points of your analysis. You want to write a _________ but your
colleague wants you to write a _________.
a)tertiary research article; secondary research article
b)secondary research article; primary research article
c)secondary research article; tertiary research article
d)tertiary research article; primary research article
e)primary research article; secondary research article correct answers secondary research article;
tertiary research article
Empirical evidence means evidence from
a)Logical arguments and clear reasoning
b)None of these
c)A credible source
d)Observations and experience correct answers Observations and experience
A stats nerd/fashion journalist does an inventory of all her high-heeled pairs of shoes. She finds
that she has 2 pairs of shoes with one-inch heels, 3 pairs with two-inch heels, 1 pair with three-
inch heels, and 5 pairs with four-inch heels (she is short and likes to wear really tall shoes). The
median heel height for her collection of high-heeled shoes
-is three inches
-cannot be computed for these data
-is two inches
-is four inches
, -is one inch correct answers is three inches
A researcher assesses gender with a multiple choice question that simply asks respondents to
choose male or female. The scale of the resulting data is
-None of these
-Quantitative
-Ordinal
-Nominal correct answers Nominal
Which of the following graphs shows data presented on a log scale on both axes?
-Right graph
-Center graph
-Left graph correct answers RIGHT
Which lists the conceptual (theoretical) definition of the construct first, and the operational
definition next?
-Vegetable intake is the amount of plant food consumed as part of savory meals; Number of
servings per day of vegetables listed on the FDA list of vegetables as verified by food frequency
questionnaires
-Number of servings per day of vegetables listed on the FDA list of vegetables as verified by
food frequency questionnaires; Vegetable intake is the amount of plant food consumed as part of
savory meals correct answers Vegetable intake is the amount of plant food consumed as part of
savory meals; Number of servings per day of vegetables listed on the FDA list of vegetables as
verified by food frequency questionnaires
Tobias makes it a point to always check the weather for the next day before he goes to bed. He
notices that every single time the weather forecast predicts rain for the next day, he brings his
umbrella for no reason because it never actually rains. And every time the weather forecast
predicts dry and sunny weather, he ends up getting soaked. He concludes that the weather
forecast has high ________ and low ________ .
-reliability; validity
-validity; reliability correct answers reliability; validity
Gold-standard validity studies are really the only way to accurately quantify _______.
-No answer text provided.
-Random error
-Systematic error
-No answer text provided. correct answers Systematic error
A researcher is interested in learning about language acquisition in infants. As part of his
experiments infants are presented with different faces on two screens. At the same time, a
particular sound is played and the researcher films the infant to see whether the infant spends
more time looking at the face that produces the sounds being played or at the face that does not
match the sounds. Later, two research assistants watch each video and record the amount of time
each baby was looking at the correct face. Because two research assistants recorded these time
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