TEST BANK FOR INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONSHIPS PROFESSIONAL
COMMUNICATION
SKILLS FOR NURSES 6TH EDITION ARNOLD
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, Chapter 1: Theoretical Perspectives and Contemporary Issues
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Communication takes place in physical contexts. Communication is shaped by our physical environment. Our
environment determines what is or is not appropriate to say, how we should say it, and how we should
interpret messages from others in that environment with us.
Ex: Raising the volume of our voice and lowering intimacy of conversation in a noisy/crowded public place.
Personal communication vs. professional communication depends on setting
Communication takes place in psychological contexts. Interpretation of communication depends on
individual perspectives, experiences, and psychological contexts. A conversation cannot be separated from the
people holding it and what each brings to the exchange.
Ex: Giving a speech about microbiology to a room of 2nd graders will not elicit the same results/opinions as a
room of microbiologists
Discuss the verbal and nonverbal components of communication. Repeating
Substituting/replace
Accenting
Complementing
Regulating
Contradicting
Repeating nonverbal. Saying what you previously said in either another sentence or making a gesture.
Substituting/replace nonverbal, not saying anything but making facial expressions.
Accenting highlight a message by making a face expression.
complementing expand what you said to make it more vivid.
Regulating controlling what is happening
Contradictingsarcasm and irony
how communication expresses content and relationships. The audience can interpret a meaning differently
depending on what he/she thinks a content means. Also, the audience might have emotional information
thinking that the speaker likes the audience or not.
Components of the model of interpersonal communication Environment, Feedback, speaker/source,
audience/receiver, internal noise
Environment is everything that is around the audience like someone throwing a ball, or a car passing by.
Feedback interplay between encoding and decoding, encodes messages to send at the same time as
decoding the messages received
Communication The process whereby one person stimulates meaning in the mind of another through
verbal and/or nonverbal means
Three parts to communication process, a stimulation of meaning, verbal and nonverbal
Communication is a process cannot be stopped or reset, continuous, irreversible, systematic
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, Communication is the stimulation of meaning (not the transfer) We cannot place or transfer meaning into the
minds of others
Our communication simply provokes others to create meaning
Communication is both verbal and nonverbal These two components are intertwined during face-to-face
encounters
what are the 8 PROPOSITIONS about interpersonal communication. Communication has both verbal and
non-verbal components.
You cannot not communicate.
Communication expresses both content and relationship
Meanings are in people.
Communication is irreversible.
Communication is a neutral tool.
Communication is a learned skill.
Communication takes place in physical and psychological contexts.
Communication has both verbal and non-verbal components. The verbal component is what words and
phrases people use to speak to one another while the non-verbal components include gestures, eye-contact,
tone, and facial expressions.
You cannot not communicate. There's the assumption that if you are not speaking, you're not
communicating, when really silence is a form of communication. For example, not returning a text/phone call
after a first date or after a fight with someone has an obvious message being sent: you don't want to talk to
them/ you're angry with them.
Communication expresses both content and relationship e content portion of a message is the "substantive
information" such as a professor entering a room telling you to "take your seats" conveying the message that
he/she wants to begin class. The same example, say the prof comes in and says "take your seats" in a sharp or
cynical tone. You can gather that they are in a bad mood or don't like the class. This is the relational aspect of
communication. Usually, VERBAL ASPECTS = CONTENT
NON-VERBAL ASPECTS = RELATIONAL
Meanings are in people. When communicating, you can't assume that everyone else shares the same
meanings for words and behaviors as you do.
Punctuation also tends to change the meaning of a sentences such as:
"Let's eat Grandma."
"Let's eat, Grandma."
Communication is irreversible. Everything negative/insulting thing you say, even if it's forgiven and
"forgotten", resonates for the rest of the relationship. There is always going to be a small memory of what was
said, and can affect the relationship in small but meaningful ways.
Communication is a neutral tool. Communication is seen as a positive tool to convey emotions/ideas/beliefs,
but parallely is used for ill-will. "Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me." is a
common statement, but not true. Communication can be used in a negative way as well.
Communication is a learned skill. Communication is NOT a natural ability - but many will argue that it is (they
insist that a newborn baby crying is communication when it's simply noise). People who have more experience
and practice with communicating develop better communication skills than those with limited experience.
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