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MCAT: Biochemistry Exam Complete Questions And Answers
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MCAT: Biochemistry Exam Complete Questions And Answers
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MCAT: Biochemistry Exam CompleteQuestions And Answers
amino acid CORRECT ANSWERS molecules that contain:
1. an amino group (-NH2)
2. carboxyl group (-COOH)
3. R group/side chain - determines the chemical properties
4. Hydrogen atom (-H)
main focus is on alpha aa's
- not every amino acid is an alpha aa (GABA)
- not every amino acid is coded for a codon
- some aa's are converted to non codon coded aa for specific reasons
- in eukaryotes they are all L configuration
alpha amino acid CORRECT ANSWERS aa that the amino group and the carboxyl
group are attached to the same carbon (alpha carbon of the carboxylic acid)
alpha carbon is chiral (beisdes glycine)
- optically active
- in eukaryotes they are all L configuration
R group CORRECT ANSWERS side group of the amino acid
every amino acid has a different one
determines the properties of the amino acids and thus their functions
GABA CORRECT ANSWERS gamma aminobutyric acid
amino group and carboxyl group are not on the same carbon
amino group is on the gamma carbon from the carbonyl
proteinogenic amino acids CORRECT ANSWERS 20 alpha amino acids
amino acids that are encoded by the human genetic code through codons
since they are all chiral at the alpha carbon (besides glycine)
- L CONFIGURATION
have at least two group that can be protonated/deprotonated
- two (maybe three) pka's
chiral amino acids CORRECT ANSWERS the alpha carbon in alpha aa's
optically active
has four different groups attached to it
,exception - glycine (has two H's)
L configuration - goes to the S absolute configuration
G CORRECT ANSWERS Glycine
*GLY*
R group - H
ACHIRAL (not L or D)
smallest amino acid
*nonpolar, non-aromatic R group*
hydrophobic - interior of proteins
Cahn Ingold Prelog System CORRECT ANSWERS L amino acids are S configuration
AMINO GROUP IS TO THE LEFT in a fisher projection
C CORRECT ANSWERS Cysteine
*CYS*
R group = -CH2SH
*polar side chain*
has a *thiol* group
-since sulfur is larger and less electronegative than oxygen SH bond is weaker than an
OH bon
-makes SH prone to OXIDATION reaction
L amino acid
*R absolute configuration *
A CORRECT ANSWERS Alanine
*ALA*
R Group = -CH3
*nonpolar, non-aromatic R group*
alkyl side chain with one carbon makes it nonpolar
L amino acid
S absolute Configuration
hydrophobic - interior of proteins
R CORRECT ANSWERS Arginine
*ARG*
R group = -CH2CH2CH2-NH-C(=NH)NH2
*positive/basic Side Chain*
-three nitrogens in its side chain
*positive charge is delocalized over all three nitrogen atoms*
L amino acid
S absolute Configuration
,hydrophilic - surface of proteins
N CORRECT ANSWERS Asparagine
*ASN*
R group = -CH2C(O)NH2
*polar side chain*
*amide side chain*
L amino acid
S absolute Configuration
hydrophilic - surface of proteins
D CORRECT ANSWERS Aspartic Acid/ ASPARTATE
*ASP*
R group = -CH2C(O)OH
*Negative/Acidic Side Chain*
L amino acid
S absolute Configuration
hydrophilic - surface of proteins
E CORRECT ANSWERS Glutamic Acid/ GLUTAMATE
*GLU*
R group = -CH2CH2C(O)OH
*Negative/Acidic Side Chain*
L amino acid
S absolute Configuration
hydrophilic - surface of proteins
Q CORRECT ANSWERS Glutamine
*GLN*
R group = -CH2CH2C(O)NH2
*polar side chain*
*amide side chain*
L amino acid
S absolute Configuration
hydrophilic - surface of proteins
H CORRECT ANSWERS Histidine
*HIS*
R group = imidazole
*positive/basic Side Chain*
-aromatic ring with two nitrogens
, L amino acid
S absolute Configuration
hydrophilic - surface of proteins
I CORRECT ANSWERS Isoleucine
*ILE*
R group = -CH(CH3)CH2CH3
*nonpolar, non-aromatic R group*
terminal primary amino group
L amino acid
alkyl side chain with four carbons makes it nonpolar
S absolute Configuration
hydrophobic - interior of proteins
L CORRECT ANSWERS Leucine
*LEU*
R group = -CH2CH(CH3)CH3
*nonpolar, non-aromatic R group*
alkyl side chain with four carbons makes it nonpolar
L amino acid
S absolute Configuration
hydrophobic - interior of proteins
K CORRECT ANSWERS Lysine
*LYS*
R group = -CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
*positive/basic Side Chain*
L amino acid
S absolute Configuration
hydrophilic - surface of proteins
M CORRECT ANSWERS Methionine
*MET*
R group = -CH2CH2SCH3
*nonpolar, non-aromatic R group*
- contains a sulfur group
- nonpolar because methyl group is attached to sulfur
L amino acid
S absolute Configuration
F CORRECT ANSWERS Phenylalanine
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