Exam (elaborations)
PN 108 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PN 108 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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What are vital signs? - ANSWER Signs reflecting the physiologic statewhich governs the body's vital organs and are necessary to sustain life
What do vital signs include? - ANSWER temperature, pulse rate,
respiratory rate, and blood pressure
What is body temperature? - ANSWER the balance between heat
production and the heat loss
What are the sources of body heat? - ANSWER Metabolism, activity of
circulating hormones, and activity of the skeletal muscles
How does heat leave the body? - ANSWER Skin, lungs, urine, and
feces
What is the core temperature? - ANSWER Deep tissue of the body,
remains constant at 37.0 c, use a pulmonary catheter
What is surface temperature? - ANSWER Skin, subcutaneous tissue,
and fat; rises and fall in response to the environment, LEAST
ACCURATE
What are factors affecting temp? - ANSWER Environmental, exercise,
Hormonal activity, stress, etc
Who is Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit? - ANSWER German physicist,
invented mercury thermometer in 1714
Who is Anders Celsius? - ANSWER Swedish scientist proposed the
centigrade scale
What are the methods of taking body temp? - ANSWER oral, axillary,
rectal, and tympanic
, What is the left ventricle responsible for? - ANSWER creating the
pulse, pushes blood out to the body
What are all the pulse sites? - ANSWER Temporal, carotid, apical
(pmi), brachial, ulnar, radial, femoral, popliteal, dorsal pedas, posterior
tibialis
Whats the normal range of pulse? - ANSWER Adult: 60-100
Child: 80-120
Infant: 80-140
How to characterize pulses: - ANSWER Arrhythmias, tachycardia,
bradycardia, bounding, running pulse, feeble/weak/thready
How do you get pulse pressure? - ANSWER Systolic subtracted by
dysstolic
What are the phases of breathing? - ANSWER Active- inhalation
Passive- exhalation
What are the normal ranges of respiration? - ANSWER Adult: 15-20
Older children : 20-25
Infants and young children: 30-40
Younger than 6 months: 45-60
How do we characterize respirations? - ANSWER Normal, dyspnea,
polypnea (rate), hyperpnea (depth), hyperventilation (depth and rate),
cheyne-stokes, apnea, sighing respirations, sterturous, and kussmaul
Blood pressure - ANSWER Brachial artery
MAP - ANSWER mean arterial pressure
(2(dyastolic)+systolic)/3 = MAP
Normal adult BP: - ANSWER 120/80
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