2024 PRAXIS FAMILY AND
CONSUMER SCIENCES (5122)
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS BY EXPERTS
Individuation is the process through which a person comes to think of himself or herself
as a distinct person despite being a member of a family. - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>Children at first identify entirely with the mores, norms, and values of
their family; it is only after prolonged exposure to other people outside the home that a
child will begin to question his or her upbringing and perhaps modify his or her belief
system. A fully individualized person is able to maintain a coherent personality without
renouncing membership in a family with which he or she may have some disagreement.
Agrarian societies are more likely to live with their extended families. - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>An extended family is comprised of more than one adult couple. For
instance, it might include a man and a woman, their children, and their grandchildren.
Agrarian societies in which people tend the same land for their entire lives are more
conducive to the maintenance of the extended family. This is in part because it is more
difficult for a large group to move around together. In modern, industrial, urban, and
nomadic societies, it is more common for people to be grouped together in nuclear
families (one adult couple and their children)
Financial Stability is NOT necessary for a person to commit emotionally to a marriage. -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Despite money being a main issue for divorce, it is more
important for partners to have good self-esteem, empathy, a feeling of permanence in
the relationship, and strong personal identities. Solid marriages weather the inevitable
hard times with a mixture of humor, empathy, and habit. The idea of empathy is
particularly important in marriage because it implies that each partner may not fully
understand the other. Nevertheless, a loving spouse with try to help whenever possible.
Having a child between the ages of 2 and 4 has little to no effect on job satisfaction. -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Research suggests that parents often feel some strain as
they occupy multiple roles, but this is offset by the enjoyment they derive from their
work. Having a newborn, on the other hand, has a noticeably damaging effect on job
satisfaction. The demands of caring for a newborn, as well as the desire to spend as
much time as possible with this new child, make it unpleasant to be away from home for
any reason. Flexible scheduling, high wages, and intellectual challenge are all directly
correlated with job satisfaction.
Accepting that the marriage is over is the first step a person should take after divorce. -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Psychologists estimate that it takes most people at least two
years to accept divorce entirely. Until this is reached, the divorcee should not initiate a
new relationship. The best way to complete the process of acceptance is to establish an
,individual identity. This may include developing a balance between being single and
being a parent. It is appropriate to plan for the future, but people should be aware that it
is impossible to predict what they will want once they have fully processed the finality of
the divorce.
Sibling rivalry is most pronounced in same-sex siblings within three years of age. -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>In the first eight to ten years of life, siblings tend to alternate
between cooperation and competition. As they grow older, they will often spend little
time together for a few years, but during adolescence will gradually develop empathy for
one another. Most research suggests that adult relationships between siblings simply
exaggerate the tone of the relationship of the youth; that is, good relationships get better
and bad relationships get worse.
Married women typically earn a lower wage than single women. - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>This is an exception to the general trend, which is that married people
are healthier, wealthier, and more content than their single counterparts. Married men
are less likely to abuse alcohol and drugs, and less likely to become depressed. Married
women are healthier and more likely to report satisfaction with their home lives. One
reason why married women may earn less money is that they are more likely to be
raising children, and therefore less focused on professional development. Despite
reports about the decline of marriage, an overwhelming majority of Americans will marry
at least once during their lives.
Accepting a stepparent is hardest for adolescent girls. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>The
bond between a stepparent, particularly a stepfather, and an adolescent girl takes the
longest to form. One possible reason for this phenomenon is that stepfathers tend to be
less engaged with stepdaughters than with stepsons. The effect of remarriage on
children is much the same as divorce because it involves a fundamental restructuring of
the family concept. Nevertheless, stepparents who work to engage with their
stepchildren can develop positive relationships over time.
Both the content and the style of family communication are important. - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>The members of a family should work on communicating positively. The
decisions made by families tend to reinforce the status quo in the interest of conformity
and conflict avoidance. For reasons both genetic and environmental, the members of
families are likely to struggle with the same sorts of problems in life. Despite a general
tendency toward stability and consistency, families inevitably change in response to the
aging of each member and to pressures from the environment. Finally, it is a central
tenet of family science that it is impossible to understand a family member without
understanding the family as a whole.
According to John Gottman, humor is the best response to criticism by a spouse. -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>When the criticized partner responds to criticism by
deflecting or soothing the other person, tempers are quelled and the partnership
remains strong. Gottman's research suggests that there is a classic pattern of
degenerating communication in an unsuccessful relationship. The pattern begins with
, criticism that is not directed at a certain behavior, but at the other person as a whole. In
other words, the criticism of unsuccessful couples tends to lean toward character
assassination. Eventually, these negative interactions lead to contempt, in which one
partner openly disparages and disrespects the other. The inevitable response to
contempt is defensiveness, followed by stonewalling or a total lack of communication.
When couples stop communicating, the relationship is not likely to endure.
The greatest amount of variation between people of the same age is found during early
adolescence. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>The onset of puberty may occur at any time
over the span of five years, though it typically occurs earlier in females than in males.
The changes brought on by puberty are monumental and can cause rapid changes in
personality, physical development, and emotional maturity. Teachers need to be aware
of these changes, particularly when working with middle-school children. Family and
consumer science teachers may need to act as liaisons between parents and their
children, as family relationships can become strained during early adolescence.
When two children have a dispute and agree to settle it according to their mother's
opinion, they are engaging in arbitration. - CORRECT ANSWER>>>>In arbitration, two
conflicting parties agree to rely on the advice of a supposedly impartial third party.
Sometimes, the parties will also establish guidelines for the way a decision is to be
reached. In parenting, it can be difficult to settle a dispute with arbitration, since children
are unlikely to honor a decision that goes against their interest. Conciliation is a method
of settling disputes in which the conflicting parties are simply asked to meet and
converse, with the idea that a resolution will naturally occur as a result of this meeting.
In mediation, the conflicting parties decide to enlist the aid of an impartial third party as
they attempt to settle their differences. The parties in mediation do not agree to follow
the advice of the third party. In negotiation, two parties try to agree on terms that are
acceptable to both. Negotiation in family life is a bit like compromise. A restorative
justice system is where the person who has been wronged gets some kind of
compensation from the wrongdoer. When the parents force one sibling to apologize to
the other, they are essentially using restorative justice.
In general, when a mother works, her children have more self-esteem. - CORRECT
ANSWER>>>>There is no one reason for this phenomenon, although one can
speculate that girls might be inspired by the positive example of a successful working
mother. The daughters of working mothers tend to be more independent, and they are
likely to have a more egalitarian view of gender relations. When the sons of working
mothers are unsupervised, their performance in school tends to decline. It is important
for both parents to have a positive attitude about maternal employment, and it is
especially important for husbands to support their wives in ways that can be perceived
positively by children.
During times of conflict, family members will take sides to consolidate power. -
CORRECT ANSWER>>>>Although this process is natural, it can become problematic if
the groups last for too long or create a permanent imbalance of power. The idea that
family life is a series of actions and reactions is an assumption of Milan systematic
