Exam (elaborations)
PN 108 FUNDAMENTALS RESPIRATORY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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PN 108 FUNDAMENTALS RESPIRATORY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS...
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tidal volume (TV)about 500mL
is the amount of air inspired during normal relaxed breathing
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
3,100mL
the additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal
tidal volume
residual volume (RV)
1,200 mL
the volume of air still remaining in the lungs after the expiratory reserve volume
is exhaled
total lung capacity (TLC)
6,000
the maximum amount of air that can fill lungs
TLC=TV+ERV+RV
vital capacity (VC)
about 4800mL the total amount of air that can be expired after fully inhaling
(VC=TV+IRV+ERV)
inspiratory capacity (IC)
3600mL
the maximum amount of air that can be inspired
IC=TV+IRV
functional residual capacity (FRC)
2400
,the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration
FRC=RV+ERV
volume
a single number
ex. tidal Volume
Capacity
2 or more volumes (addition of volumes
ex. total lung capacity
regarding perfusion and circulation:
body can circulate and not perfuse
but can not perfuse without circulation
URT
upper respiratory tract
move air in and out of lungs
LRT
lower respiratory tract
facilitates gas exchange between the lungs and tissue cells
Leading causes of death in the US
1. heart disease 25.4%
2. cancer
3. stroke
functions of the respiratory system
1. to move air
2. eliminate waste products
3. maintain acid-base balance
4. protect the airway from infection
primary function of the respiratory system
respiration /gas exchange
, mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx
upper respiratory tract structures
trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pulmonary capillary network,
pleural membranes
lower respiratory tract structures
asphyxiation
oxygen deprived
suffocation
aspiration pneumonia
inflammatory process caused by irritation of lung tissue by aspirated material,
particularly hydrochloric acid from the stomach
atelectasis
collapse of the alveoli, of a love, or of an entire lunge
Bronchitis
the inflammation of one or more bronchi; also may include the trachea
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a lung disorder characterized by airway obstruction caused by chronic
bronchitis or emphysema
clubbing
a condition caused by long-term lack of oxygen, in which the base of the nail
becomes swollen and the ends of the fingers and toes increase in size
cor pulmonale
right ventricular heart failure due to prolonged pulmonary hypertension
diffusion
the movement of gases or other particles from an area of greater pressure or
concentration to an area of lower pressure or concentration
1st point of air flow
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