Stott Pilates Exam Prep-Actions, Origins and
Insertions of Muscles CORRECT 100%
Gastrocnemius - ANSWER A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle, O:femoral condyles
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Soleus - ANSWER A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Upper 1/3 of fibia
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Tibialis Anterior - ANSWER A: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Lateral condyle of tibia
I: plantar surface of first metatarsal and cuneiform
Tibialis Posterior - ANSWER A: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot at ankle. Medial ankle stabilizer.
O: Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface of fibula.
I: Tuberosity of navicular, with branches to sustenaculum tali of calcaneus, plantar surfaces of all 3
cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones.
Popliteus - ANSWER A: Rotates tibia medially on the femur, or femur laterally on tibia. Brings knee out of
full extension. Helps with posterior stability of knee
O: Lateral condyle of the femur
I: Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line.
Plantaris - ANSWER A: plantar flexes and inverts the foot at the ankle, flexes the leg at the knee.
O: Lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur, and oblique popliteal ligament of knee.
I: Posterior part of the calcaneus medial to the achilles tendon.
, Peroneus Longus - ANSWER A: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot at ankle. Gives lateral stability to the
ankle.
O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral tibia
I: Lateral margin of plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal.
Peroneus Brevis - ANSWER A: Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle. Gives lateral stability
to the ankle.
O: Distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula.
I: Tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal
Peroneus Tertius - ANSWER A: Dorsiflexes and everts the foot at the ankle.
O: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula.
I: Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal.
Extensor Hallucis Longus - ANSWER A: Extends distal phalanx of big toe. Continued action extends
proximal phalanx and dorsiflexes and inverts the foot at the ankle.
O: Middle 1/2 of the anterior surface of fibula,
I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Extensor Digitorum Longus - ANSWER A: Extends the lateral 4 toes. Dorsiflexes and everts foot at the
ankle.
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface of fibula.
I: Divides into 4 tendons after passing under extensor retinaculum to insert on dorsal surfaces of bases of
middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes.
Flexor Hallucis Longus - ANSWER Action:
Flexion of great toe
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Origin:
, Fibula (posterior shaft)
Interosseous membrane
Insertion:
Distal phalanx of great toe
Comment:
Powerful muscle for "push-off" of foot during walking and running
Flexor Digitorum Longus - ANSWER Action:
Flexion of toes 2-5
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Origin:
Tibia (posterior middle shaft)
Insertion:
Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Comment:
Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and lumbrical (origin) muscles
Semimembranosus - ANSWER A: Flexes and Medially rotates the leg at the knee. Extends, adducts and
medially rotates the thigh at the hip.
O: Upper and lateral aspect of ischial tuberosity
I: Posterior surface of medial condyle of the tibia
Semitendinosus - ANSWER A: Flexes and medially rotates the leg at the knee. Extends, adducts and
medially rotates the thigh at the hip.
O: Ischial tuberosity with tendon of the long head of the biceps femoris.
I: Anterior and medial surface of the shaft of the tibia just below the condyle.
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