MBA EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
ALL CORRECT
The only accurate statement about consequentalism is:
a. Utilitarianism is a nonconsequentialist ethical theory.
b. Utilitarianism is an egoistic normative theory.
c. Consequentialism says that the moral rightness of an action is determined solely by
its results.
d. Nonconsequentialists deny that consequences have any moral significance. -
Answer- c. Consequentialism says that the moral rightness of an action is determined
solely by its results.
A key idea of Immanuel Kant's ethical theory is that:
a. all duties are prima facie duties.
b. the moral permissibility of our actions depends entirely upon their consequences.
c. we should treat people as ends in themselves, never merely as means.
d. only pleasure has intrinsic value. - Answer- c. we should treat people as ends in
themselves, never merely as means.
Which of the following is true regarding utilitarian beliefs?
a. Utilitarians wish to maximize happiness not simply immediately, but in the long run as
well.
b. Utilitarians contend that we can determine with certainty what the future
consequences of our present actions will be.
c. When choosing among possible actions, utilitarianism requires us to disregard our
own happiness.
d. For the hedonistic utilitarian, knowledge, friendship, and aesthetic satisfaction are
inherently good. - Answer- a. Utilitarians wish to maximize happiness not simply
immediately, but in the long run as well.
Talk of justice and injustice appeals to the related notions of
a. fairness, equality, desert c. feeling, sentiment, happiness
b. reason, reflection, deliberation d. fairness, impartiality, duty - Answer- a. fairness,
equality, desert
Aristotle's formal principle of justice states,
a. from each according to his or her ability, to each according to his or her need.
b. similar cases must be treated alike except where there is some relevant difference.
c. all people are to be treated the same in every situation.
d. from each according to his or her ability, to each according to his or her merit. -
Answer- b. similar cases must be treated alike except where there is some relevant
difference.
,According to Mill's utilitarianism,
a. rights are certain moral rules whose observance is of the utmost importance for the
long-run, overall maximization of happiness.
b. there are no rights.
c. the rights possessed by human beings remain unchanged for all times and places.
d. rights are those rules that a majority of the society would agree to behind the "veil of
ignorance." - Answer- a. rights are certain moral rules whose observance is of the
utmost importance for the long-run, overall maximization of happiness.
According to libertarianism,
a. there are no natural, Lockean rights.
b. we have a basic right to assistance from others.
c. it would be unjust to coerce people to give food or money to the starving.
d. happiness takes priority over other moral concerns. - Answer- c. it would be unjust to
coerce people to give food or money to the starving.
According to John Rawls, people in "the original position" choose the principles of
justice on the basis of
a. social utility.
b. their religion.
c. self-interest.
d. their intuitive knowledge of the natural rights of all human beings. - Answer- c. self-
interest.
From John Stuart Mill's viewpoint,
a. philosophical concern with justice began in the 19th century.
b. questions of morality form a subset of questions of justice.
c. for utilitarians, justice is a moral standard independent of the principle of utility.
d. not every issue of social utility was a matter of justice. - Answer- d. not every issue of
social utility was a matter of justice.
Mill justified utilitarianism from rival perspectives when he argued
a. that without utilitarianism to provide a determinate standard of justice, one is always
left with a plethora of competing principles of justice, all of which seem to have
plausibility but are mutually incompatible.
b. that social utility is irrelevant to issues of justice.
c. against worker participation.
d. that only utilitarianism itself, as a normative theory, can provide an answer to the
question: What economic system will bring more good to society than any other
system? - Answer- a. that without utilitarianism to provide a determinate standard of
justice, one is always left with a plethora of competing principles of justice, all of which
seem to have plausibility but are mutually incompatible.
In Anarchy, State and Utopia, Robert Nozick advocates
a. Libertarianism. b. Kantianism. c. Utilitarianism. d. Egoism. - Answer- a. Libertarianism
, If libertarianism is true, which of these statements is true?
a. We should endorse utilitarianism's concern for total social well-being.
b. Pleasure takes priority over any other moral concern.
c. We should have a "night-watchman" state.
d. If a person comes into possession of a holding through a legitimate transfer, then,
morally speaking, she or he deserves that holding. - Answer- c. We should have a
"night-watchman" state.
According to Locke,
a. individuals are morally entitled to take other people's property.
b. property is a moral right.
c. individuals are not morally entitled to the products of their labor.
d. property acquisition is a duty. - Answer- b. property is a moral right.
According to John Rawls,
a. people in the original position choose the principles on the basis of self-interest.
b. in the original position, people must have full and complete knowledge.
c. justice forbids any social or economic inequalities.
d. liberty is of little or no importance compared to equality. - Answer- b. in the original
position, people must have full and complete knowledge.
The veil of ignorance proposes that
a. those in the original position are supposed to choose principles on the basis of self-
interest, agreement seems unlikely.
b. one group would be supportive of another group benefiting even though the rules are
different.
c. people are fully knowledgeable about themselves or situation allowing them to have a
partial or biased point of view.
d. agreement is difficult to attain. - Answer- a. those in the original position are
supposed to choose principles on the basis of self-interest, agreement seems unlikely.
The veil of ignorance assures us that people in the original position will be
a. difficult to come to agreement. c. biased.
b. impartial. d. forgiving. - Answer- b. impartial.
Primary social goods include
a. poverty. c. status.
b. freedom of religion. d. leisure time activities. - Answer- c. status.
John Rawls' Theory of Justice lays within which type of tradition?
a. All for one and one for all. c. Feudal society.
b. Principled living. d. Social contract. - Answer- d. Social contract.
The difference principle of Rawls states
a. we are all created equal.
