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NUR 2243 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) TEST 2 | PASSED | A+ RATED GUIDE | NEW FULL EXAM
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NUR 2243 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) TEST 2 | PASSED | A+ RATED GUIDE | NEW FULL EXAM
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NUR 2243 Test 21. What are the three buffering systems for Acid/Base balance
Answer
Carbonic Acid
- Bicarbonate System Respiratory Regulation Kidneys
2. How does the Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate system affect acid/base balance-
Answer
CO2 (acid) combines with water making carbonic acid. This carbonic acid turns into
bicarbonate. Making the body go from acidic to basic.
Bicarbonate can break into carbonic acid, which can convert to CO2 and water going rom basic to
acidic.
3. How does Respiratory drive effect acid/base balance
Answer
Exhale CO2, allowing hydrogen to form with carbonic acid, making bicarbonate.
Exhale too much CO2 and you make too much bicarbonate.
Exhale too little CO2, and you lose too much bicarbonate, causing acidity.
4. How do kidneys effect acid/base balance
Answer
,Kidneys excrete or retain hydrogen ions. Excrete more hydrogen (acid), you become more basic.
Excrete less hydrogen (acid), you become acidic.
5. What does acid base balance affect
Answer
Hormones and enzymes
Fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Excitable membrane changes
Decreased pharmacological effectiveness
6. Metabolic Acidosis Causes
Answer
Excessive oxidation of fatty acids (starvation, DKA) Hypermetabolism (fever, seizure, rhabdo)
Acid Ingestion (Ethanol / salicylate intoxication)
Disease (Kidney failure, liver failure, pancreatitis, diarrhea)
7. What causes excessive oxidation of fatty acids?
Answer
Starvation
Body breaks down fats when glucose is not available
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Same as starvation, but this is caused by no insulin taking glucose to the cells
,8. How to fix Metabolic acidosis?
Answer
Treat underlying issue.
DKA = insulin, acid buildup due to making fats into glucose, causing excessive acid.
Dialysis = ridding acid buildup that can't be removed by kidneys due to failure.
9. Metabolic Acidosis universal thing to monitor
Answer
Cardiac monitor
- Electrolyte values can get out of wack, causing cardioarrythmias
10. Will giving bicarbonate help metabolic acidosis?
Answer
In extreme cases only.
11. Interventions for metabolic acidosis
Answer
Treat underlying issue Cardiac monitor
HCO3 (extreme cases only)
Hydration (intravenous fluids, stop diarrhea)
, 12. Metabolic Alkalosis causes
Answer
- Prolonged vomiting / NG suctioning
losing stomach acid)
- Antacid abuse
too much alkaline intake, stopping acid production in stomach
- Thiazide diuretics
losing too much fluid without ridding acid
- Parenteral base
TPN, blood products
13. Metabolic Alkalosis treatments
Answer
- Fall prevention
muscles will be weak, hy- potension
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