HESI PHARMACOLOGY FORTIS
EXAM|BRAND NEW EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS ALL GRADED
A+|GUARANTEED SUCCESS|LATEST
UPDATE 2024-2025
How do you assess for Digoxin - ANSWER-✔Always take AP for a full minute
A 62 year old Male comes to the ER with a long hx of daily digoxin and
furosemide(lasix), What is most likely the SE he is experiencing? - ANSWER-✔Dig
toxicity because this Dx causes hypokalemia to occur when taken for a long time.
What range would digoxin level be considered normal? - ANSWER-✔0.5- 2ng/ml
What is a normal serum K+ level? - ANSWER-✔3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L
What is the positive inotrope for Digoxin? - ANSWER-✔increases force of
contraction
What is the negative chronotope for Digoxin? - ANSWER-✔decreases HR
Digoxin toxicity may be increased by what lab levels? - ANSWER-✔low K+ or Mg
levels
When do you hold Digoxin? - ANSWER-✔if AP is less than 60
What Mx do you take orange juice w/? - ANSWER-✔Iron
What vitamin deficiency causes night blindness? - ANSWER-✔Vitamin A
What are the S/S of dig toxicity? - ANSWER-✔Anorexia, Bradycardia, Headache,
Dizziness, Confusion, Nausea, and Visual Disturbances
What is the beta blocker Labetalol used for? - ANSWER-✔HTN (hypertension)
,When taking labetalol, when do you stop giving the Dx and notify the prescriber? -
ANSWER-✔When the Pulse rate becomes low
What is a SE of labetalol and what those this mean? - ANSWER-✔Weight gain, Fluid
retention
Nitroglycerin transdermal patch is to treat? - ANSWER-✔Angina (chest pain)
How do use nitroglycerin transdermal patch, patient teaching? - ANSWER-✔remove
patch at night to allow 8 hours w/o patch
What will happen if you use nitroglycerin transdermal patch for 24 hours? -
ANSWER-✔Intolerance to the Dx can occur
Why wear gloves when applying nitroglycerin paste or patch? - ANSWER-✔severe
vasodilation, decrease BP, intense HA, can occur
What can be given along w/ nitroglycerin patch for angina if VS ok, and how to
administer? - ANSWER-✔SL (sublingual) nitro, PRN
What can be given for HA? - ANSWER-✔acetaminophen
When is it okay to leave the Nitro patch on a pt and administer SL nitro? - ANSWER-
✔When VS are normal
A Pt in CCU is receiving nitro drip, the pt becomes hypotensive, what is the nurses
next step? - ANSWER-✔Decrease rate of nitro drip
What are the common SE of channel blockers? - ANSWER-✔Dizziness, Facial
flusching, Hypotension, edema
and constipation
What do dipine's, channel blockers like amlodipine, affect? - ANSWER-✔Vessels
only, causes vasodilation
What do channel blockers Verapamil and diltiazem affect? - ANSWER-✔the Heart
What do you monitor when taking Channel blockers? - ANSWER-✔BP, and decrease
HR
What should you avoid when taking channel blockers? - ANSWER-✔grapefruit juice
What is Aliskiren for? - ANSWER-✔It is a direct renin inhibitor for HTN
What are two contraindications for taking Aliskiren? - ANSWER-✔pregnancy, and
High fat meals
, What Dx or vitamin should you not take with Aliskiren and why? - ANSWER-✔Dx
that increase K+ and vitamin K, because the Dx increases K+ can cause hyperkalemia,
and other drugs w/ the same effect can make it worse.
What is Furosemide(Lasix) and what is it used for? - ANSWER-✔It is a rapid-acting
loop-diuretic, used for rapid diuresis in emergencies after a pulmonary edema
What are the SE of Lasix? - ANSWER-✔Dizziness, HA, tinnitus, N/V/D, decrease in K+.
hyperglycemia, F/E abnormalities, Dehydration, Hypotension
What do you assess on a pt who is taking Lasix? - ANSWER-✔For muscle cramps
and/or muscle weakness, meaning that they have become hypokalemic because of
the Dx.
What Dx interacts w/ Lasix and what those it cause? - ANSWER-✔aminoglycosides,
ototoxicity
What are some foods that are a good source of K+? - ANSWER-✔Bananas, Dried
fruits, Leafy Veggies, Squash, Beans, Nuts, Potatoes, Dairy products, Nuts, Meats
When giving a pt IV potassium (KCl) what should you always assess for? - ANSWER-
✔Overall condition of the veins
When giving IV potassium where will you administer the Mx and why? - ANSWER-
✔In a large vein, like AC vein, because this Mx can irritate the vein
When should a patient notify the nurse immediately when taking KCl and why? -
ANSWER-✔when they notice a burning sensation at the site, because this can cause
necrosis of tissue.
How is KCl administered? - ANSWER-✔Always w/ infusion pump never IV push,
What is the infusion rate and concentration for KCl? - ANSWER-✔no greater than 20
mEq/hr, no greater than 40 mEq/L
When do you assess IV site for KCl? - ANSWER-✔Every hour
What is a major SE of antihypertensives, and who is most affected? - ANSWER-
✔Hypokalemia, Elderly
What is Mannitol used for and what to never use it for? - ANSWER-✔to treat pt w/
closed head injury, peripheral edema
How is the effectiveness of Mannitol determined? - ANSWER-✔By the decrease of
ICP (intracranial pressure)
