PSYCH 255 Final Liberty
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Alternative explanations - answer Part of causal inference; a potential
alternative cause of an observed relationship between variables
Applied research - answer Conducted to address issues in which there
are practical problems and potential solutions
Authority - answer The scientific approach rejects the notion that one can
accept on faith the statements of any authority; again, more evidence is
needed before we can draw scientific conclusions
Basic research - answer Tries to answer fundamental questions about the
nature of behavior
Covariation of cause and effect - answer When the cause is present, the
effect occurs; when the cause is not present, the effect does not occur
Empiricism - answer Fundamental characteristic of the scientific method.
The idea that knowledge is based on observations
Falsifiability - answer Good scientific ideas are testable. If an idea is
falsified when it is tested, science is thereby advanced because this result
will spur the development of new and better ideas
Goals of behavioral science - answer 1) To describe behavior
2) To predict behavior
3) To determine the cause of behavior
, 4) To understand or explain behavior
Intuition - answer You accept unquestionably what your own personal
judgment or a single story about one person's experience tells you. But
numerous cognitive and motivational biases affect our perceptions.
Peer review - answer Before a study is published in a top-quality
scientific journal, other scientists who have the expertise to carefully
evaluate the research review it. This review process ensures that research
with major flaws will not become part of the scientific literature.
Program evaluation - answer Assesses the social reforms and innovations
that occur in government, education, the criminal justice system, industry,
health care, and mental institutions
Pseudoscience - answer Fake science in which seemingly scientific terms
and demonstrations are used to substantiate claims that have no basis in
scientific research.
Skepticism - answer Means that ideas must be evaluated on the basis of
careful logic and results from scientific investigations.
Temporal precedence - answer There is a temporal order of events in
which the cause precedes the effect
Abstract - answer A summary of the research report and typically runs no
more than 120 words in length. Includes information about the
hypothesis, the procedure, and the broad pattern of results. Generally,
little information is abstracted from the discussion section of the paper.
Discussion section - answer Researcher reviews the research from
various perspectives. Was the hypothesis supported by the results?
Introduction section - answer Researcher outlines the problem that has
been investigated. Past research and theories relevant to the problem are
described in detail.
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