PACKRAT Practice Test 1 Exam Questions
And Answers 100% Pass
Which of the following conditions would cause a positive Kussmaul's
sign on physical examination?
A. Left ventricular failure
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Coarctation of the aorta
D. Constrictive pericarditis - answer✔Constrictive pericarditis
A. Left ventricular failure results in the back-up of blood into the left atrium and then the
pulmonary system so it would not be associated with Kussmaul's sign.
B. Pulmonary edema primarily results in increased pulmonary pressures rather than having
effects on the venous inflow into the heart.
C. Coarctation of the aorta primarily affects outflow from the heart due to the stenosis resulting
in delayed and decreased femoral pulses; it has no effect on causing Kussmaul's sign.
D. Kussmaul's sign is an increase rather than the normal decrease in the CVP during inspiration.
It is most often caused by severe right sided heart failure; it is a frequent finding in patients with
constrictive pericarditis or right ventricular infarction.
Anginal chest pain is most commonly described as which of the following?
A. Pain changing with position or respiration
B. A sensation of discomfort
C. Tearing pain radiating to the back
D. Pain lasting for several hours - answer✔A sensation of discomfort
A. Pain changing with position or respiration is
suggestive of pericarditis.
B. Myocardial ischemia is often experienced as a
sensation of discomfort lasting 5-15 minutes, described as dull, aching or pressure.
C. Tearing pain with radiation to the back represents aortic dissection.
D. Chest pain lasting for several hhours is more
suggestive for myocardial infarction.
Eliciting a history from a patient presenting with dyspnea due to early heart failure, the severity
of the dyspnea should be quantified by
A. amount of activity that precipitates it.
B. how many pillows they sleep on at night.
C. how long it takes the dyspnea to resolve.
D. any associated comorbidities. - answer✔Amount of activity that precipitates it.
A. The amount of activity that precipitates dyspnea should be quantified in the history.
B. Orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea can be
quantified by how many pillows a patient needs to sleep on to be comfortable.
C. How long dyspnea takes to resolve or associated
comorbidities has no bearing on quantifying the severity of dyspnea.
D. See answer C above.
A 25 year-old female presents with a three-day history of chest pain aggravated by coughing and
relieved by sitting. She is febrile and a CBC with
differential reveals leukocytosis. Which of the following physical exam signs is characteristic of
her problem?
A. Pulsus paradoxus
B. Localized crackles
C. Pericardial friction rub
D. Wheezing - answer✔Pericardial friction rub
A. Pulsus paradoxus is a classic finding for cardiac
tamponade.
B. Localized crackles are associated with pneumonia
and consolidation, not pericarditis.
C. Pericardial friction rub is characteristic of an
inflammatory pericarditis.
D. Wheezing is characteristic for pulmonary disorders,
such as asthma.
A 65 year-old white female presents with dilated, tortuous veins on the medial aspect of her
lower extremities. Which of the following would be the most common initial complaint?
A. Pain in the calf with ambulation
B. Dull, aching heaviness brought on by periods of standing
C. Brownish pigmentation above the ankle
D. Edema in the lower extremities - answer✔Dull, aching heaviness brought on by periods of
standing
A. Patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) may present with complaints of pain in the calf
with ambulation. Secondary varicosities may result from DVT's.
B. Dull, aching heaviness or a feeling of fatigue brought
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