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NR 283 EXAM 1 ,2 & FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024/2025
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NR 283 EXAM 1 ,2 & FINALEXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024/2025
Nr 283 exam 1
In regards to chromosomal muta1on, nondisjunc1on is known as what?
Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during cell division
What is an example of an autosomal-dominant disease?
Hun1ngton's disease
What is an example of an autosomal-recessive disease?
Cys1c fibrosis
What is an example of an x-linked condi1on?
Red - green color blindness
What is an example of mul1factorial inheritance?
Pyloric stenosis
Knowing physiologic signs of injury you might expect the following system is
consistent with systemic manifesta1ons of cellular injury during a myocardial
infarc1on (select all that apply)
a. Elevated aspartate
aminotransferase (ast/sgot)
c. Increased leukocytes
d. Pain
e. Increase heart rate
f. Fever
,g. Elevated crea1nine kinase
h. Elevated alanin aminostransferase (alt/sgpt)
A. Elevated aspartate
aminotransferase
c. Increased leukocytes
e. Increased hr
g. Elevated crea1nine kinase
h. Elevated alanin aminostransferase
The nurse teaching an elderly client about the aging process includes which
changes that occur as part of the normal aging process? (select all that apply)
a. Increase in total body potassium concentra1on
b. Increased gastric emptying
c. Decreased muscle tone
d. Wrinkling and atrophy of the epidermis
e. Increase in peripheral resistance to blood flow
f. Increased forma1on of autoan1bodies
A. Decreased muscle tone, wrinkling in atrophy of the epidermis
e. Increase in peripheral resistance to bloodflow
f. Increased forma1on of auto an1bodies
What else is it about the skin that protects individuals from injury and disease?
Pathogens can be sloughed off by mechanical means, such as falling off in dead
skin cells, coughing or sneezing, vomi1ng, or flushing from the urinary tract in
urine.
How might the characteris1cs of skin and the bodily fluids associated with it
also help to protect us from infec1on?
,There is a low ph on the skin and stomach that generally inhibits
microorganisms
If inflamma1on is considered a first responder and may be considered to be a
hero, at least when it is in a controlled state, what heroic acts may be
aSributed to it? How might the swelling associated with inflamma1on actually
help with the healing process? Erythema and warmth at a site of injury
typically cause discomfort, but how might one take solace in the fact that the
response is being ini1ated?
It prevents and/or limits infec1on and addi1onal damage by ini1a1ng the influx
of plasma, plasma proteins, plasma enzymes, and the distribu1on of leukocytes
from the blood vessels to the injury. It recruits members of the adap1ve
immunity community to launch a more specific defense against the pathogens
and enhances the healing process.
What causes redness at the site of inflamma1on?
Vasodila1on of arterioles from the histamine triggered by mediators or mast
cells but then spasm to stop the bleeding
What is brought to the injured site when the vasodila1on occurs?
Neutrophils, monocytes, oxygen, nutrients to dilute toxins
With vasodila1on that dilates the capillaries, what lines the vessels?
Leukocytes
How do the traveling leukocytes (neutrophils and monocytes) arrive at the
1ssue where the site of the infec1on is present?
The cell squeeze through the gaps in the capillary walls to enter at the site of
the infec1on
What does phagocytosis do at the site?
Digests the foreign substances cellular debris
Why is fibrinogen important at the site of injury?
, Fibrinogen transforms into fibrin to wall off the injured area, taking the foreign
substances to make a mesh to support blood cloXng and healing
When the injury occurs, what s1mulates the pain receptors?
Prostaglandins
Why does the hypothalamus increase the body temperature?
Pyrogens are released by macrophages when exposed to bacteria
What reac1on in the body inhibits bacterial growth and causes the liver and
spleen to remove iron in the body that some bacteria use for growth?
Fever
What do cells release when they are aSacked by viruses?
Inferferons
Where do interferons travel to and why?
They spread the infected cells to trigger the making of enzymes that would
inhibit the viral replica1on
What system with about 20 blood plasma proteins gets ac1vated to aSack the
bacteria, causing it to let water into the bacteria's cell to swell, burst, and die?
The complement system
What is the process called that starts with vasodila1on; increases permeability
of vessels for the wbcs, macrophages, and plasma to go to the foreign cells;
and forms a coat around the microbe to kill them?
Phagocytosis
Interleukin six is produced primarily by which type of cell?
A. Macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts
b. Macrophages
A. Macrophages, lymphocytes, and fibroblasts
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