occurs with sudden deceleration head flings forward
cervical spine injury - usually C5-C6
happens because you are most body at that spot and Newton's law of motion
4. hyper flexion Sci may result in
Answer
cord compression fractures of dislocated vertebrate
rupture or tearing of the posterior ligaments
,5. hyperextension SCI
Answer
backward, downward motion of the head think of whiplash --> mild form
no significant bony involvement
most often associated with cervical cord syndrome neuro deficits possible due to contusion/
ischemia
6. compression SCI
Answer
occurs from vertical force along spinal cord ex
fall from height landing on feet/ butt
compression shooting through the cord causes vertebrate to shudder and send body fragments
everywhere like glass into spinal cord
7. rotation SCI
Answer
usually occur with flexion/extrension injuries severe rotation is turning beyond normal rannge
tearing of posterior ligaments possible and dislocation of spinal column
8. penetrating SCI
Answer
caused by a bullet, knife or object that penetrates the spinal cord
,causes permanent damage by directing the cord transversally
9. pathophysiology of a spinal cord injury
Answer
the initial injury results in a disruption of neurons and protective layers which happens at the
moment of impact. The sec- ondary injury the occurs when the inflammatory response causes
further damage, the patient may have hypo perfusion from systemic or local hemorrhage, or the
stress response causes vasoconstriction and leads to further blood flow reduction to the spinal
cord.
blood is ultimately shunted away from the cord due to decreased perfusion and inflammation
that can lead to compression of the cord
10. spinal precautions
Answer
pt needs to maintain neutral position use C collar and back board
pt should not sit up
log roll to move/ assess - 2 people on both ends HOB less than 30 degrees
bed rest - no air beds (pressure ulcer risk)
begin spinal precautions at the scene, until injury is ruled out to prevent any further damage
11. C3-C5
Answer
keeps the diaphragm alive innervated by the phrenic nerve
12. C1-C8
Answer
, cervical nerves
movement of hands, arms, neck, and respiratory muscles
13. T1-T12
Answer
thoracic nerves sympathetic autonomic nervous system
motor control of arms, resp. muscles, and torso
14. L1-L5
Answer
lumbar nerves
controls the lower part of body movement hips, knees, legs, feet
15. S1-S5
Answer
sacral nerves
controls bowel, bladder, and sexual function
16. if you have a high SCI, what does this indicate
Answer
greater loss of function
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