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NUR 2063 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) PATHO FINAL | NEW FULL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 2063 ( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) PATHO FINAL | NEW FULL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
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NUR 2063 Patho Final1. Physiological concepts of fight or flight response
Answer
Increase heart rate, high blood pressure, dilated pupils
2. Define homeostasis
Answer
Equilibrium, balance, consistency, or stability in the body
3. Function of a ribosome
Answer
Aid in protein production on the RER and form polysomes
4. Hormone that raises blood sugar
Answer
Glucagon
5. Main function of the endocrine system
Answer
Regulating bodily functions, growth, development, metabolism, reproduction, mood stability
6. Define meiosis - give an example
Answer
Cell division that creates four gamete cells, ex
formation of sperm and eggs
7. Define mitosis - give an example
Answer
Cell division resulting in two genetically identical daughter cells, ex
,growth and repair of body tissues
8. Function of plasma proteins
Answer
Regulation of acid-base balance
9. Intracellular Fluid contains high Potassium - note which electrolytes
Answer
Potas- sium
10. Physiologic effect of hyponatremia
Answer
Excessive sodium losses or increased water gains in the body
11. Define hypovolemia
Answer
Fluid deficit of the intravascular compartment
12. This stores electrolytes and acts like an electrolyte pool in the body
Answer
N/A
13. Define 'sign'
Answer
Clinical manifestations that can be seen or measured
14. Define 'contraindication'
Answer
N/A
15. Normal range of sodium
Answer
135-145 mEq/L
,16. Clinical manifestations of fluid volume overload
Answer
Weight gain, shortness of breath, high blood pressure, cramping, headache, stomach bloating
17. Physiologic cause of Edema
Answer
N/A
18. Components of insensible water loss
Answer
Respiration, perspiration, and evaporation
19. Define hypotonic solution
Answer
Solution where the cell gains fluid and cells get larger
20. Define hypertonic solution
Answer
Solution where the cell loses fluid and cells shrink
21. Define isotonic solution
Answer
Solution where the cell is in equilibrium and cell size remains the same
22. Define osmosis
Answer
The movement of water or solvent from an area of low solute concentration to high
concentration across the cellular membrane
23. What is the normal pH of blood?
Answer
7.35-7.45
24. Define diffusion
, Answer
The movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
25. What is a deficiency in water associated with an increase in sodium and osmolality called?
Answer
Hyponatremia
26. How does the body maintain acid-base balance?
Answer
Through various mechanisms including buffering systems, respiratory regulation, and renal
regulation
27. What are the clinical manifestations of metabolic acidosis?
Answer
Symptoms such as deep and rapid breathing, confusion, fatigue, and headache
28. Define sepsis
Answer
A life-threatening medical emergency characterized by the body's extreme response to an
infection
29. True or False
Washing hands helps prevent transmission of infectious agents
Answer
True
30. What are the steps of the inflammatory process?
Answer
Injury, vascular response, cellular response, and tissue repair
31. What causes warmth and redness during a cellulitis infection?
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