4. Complications of Dialysis
Answer
Cardiovascular disease Hypervolemia
Depression
5. Prostatitis
Answer
Inflammation of the prostate. Most common association is E. coli.
6. Prostatitis S/S
Answer
Fever Chills
Tender prostate Low back pain Dysuria Leukocytosis
,7. Renal Calculus Cause
Answer
Urine becomes supersaturated with specific solute that forms crystals. Crystallization is
enhanced when a person is dehydrated or has higher than normal levels of solute in the urine
from excessive secretion (calcium, uric acid).
8. Renal Calculus S/S
Answer
Dull, localized flank pain Acute discomfort accompanied by nausea and vomiting, diaphoresis
(sweating), tachycardia, and tachypnea (abnor- mal, rapid breathing) Renal colic (intermittent,
sharp pain) develops as the stone moves to the ureteropelvic junction
Decreased stream
Hesitancy; difficulty initiating a stream Interruption of the stream
Infection caused by retention
10. .Aldosterone
Answer
"salt-retaining hormone". Steroid that promotes the retention of Na+ by the kidneys. Na+
retention promotes water retention, which promotes a higher blood volume and pressur
11. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Answer
Promotes retention of water by kidneys and increases blood pressure.
Acute tubular necrosis Glomerulonephritis Polycystic kidney disease Family history of CKD
, Smoking
Age over 65 Ethnicity
13. Chronic Renal Failure Causes
Answer
The outcome of the progressive and irrevoca- ble loss of nephrons. More than 75% of the total
number of nephrons must be lost before clinical manifestations appear.
14. .Cystitis Causes
Answer
Inflammation of the bladder lining, may result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infections;
chemical irritants; foreign bodies (e.g., stones); or trauma. By far the most common is bacterial
infection.
15. Cystitis Pathogenesis
Answer
E. coli adheres to bladder epithelium, colonizes, and invades host cells.
16. Cystitis S/S
Answer
Acute onset of frequency, urgency, and dysuria; pain may be present in the suprapubic area.The
urine may appear pink because of hematuria or cloudy as a result of the infectious organism.
17. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Answer
Highly communicable STI that infects epithelial cells and proliferates into pruritic, painful
lesions. Leading cause of cervical cancer.
18. Oral Cancer
Answer
Presents at the base of the mouth or border of the tongue.
19. Hiatal Hernia
Answer
Defect in diaphragm allowing a portion of the stomach to pass through the diaphragmatic
opening into the thorax.
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