Exam (elaborations)
FNU 404 Exam 1 Study Set @ 2024
- Course
- Institution
FNU 404 Exam 1 Study Set @ 2024 ...
[Show more]
Content preview
FNU 404 Exam 1 StudySet @ 2024
minerals - Answer inorganic elements that come from the earth. classified as major
(macro) or trace (micro), referred to as ions when they carry a charge, functions in the
body are many and varied
major minerals - Answer dietary need is greater than or equal to 100 mg/ day and
greater than 0.01% of total human mass
what are the major minerals? - Answer calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium,
chloride, magnesium, and sulfur
sources of calcium - Answer dairy products, sardines, oysters, clams, tofu, molasses,
almonds, calcium- fortified food, dark green leafy veggies
oxalates and phytates - Answer bind calcium and decrease absorption
calcium is what kind of cation? - Answer divalent
what is the most abundant mineral in the body? - Answer calcium
calcium makes up - Answer 40% of total mineral mass
calcium makes up 1.5% of - Answer total body mass
99% of calcium is - Answer in the bones and teeth
1% of calcium is - Answer within intracellular and extracellular fluids (bloodstream)
functions of calcium - Answer bone mineralization, blood clotting, muscle contraction,
membrane permeability of the cell. structural integrity of bones and teeth, nerve
impulse transmission, maintenance of acid- base balance
osteoblasts - Answer bone- building cells with 3 month life span
osteoclasts - Answer respond to PTH, calcitriol, and calcitonin. resorb bone
calcium is excreted through - Answer urine and feces and lesser amounts through skin
protein, caffeine, and sodium - Answer increase urinary excretion of calcium
calcium deficiency - Answer infants and children develop rickets. codeficiency of
vitamin d. adults have increased risk for osteoporosis. hypocalcemia may lead to tetany.
calcium toxicity is - Answer rare, but high intake from supplements can cause
, constipation
UL for calcium = - Answer 2,500 mg per day
calcium AI for 11- 24 years - Answer 1,300 mg
calcium AI for 18-50 years - Answer 1,000 mg
calcium AI for 50 plus years - Answer 1,200 mg
calcium is present in - Answer relatively insoluble salts
calcium must be - Answer liberated from food to be absorbed
if calcium is solubilized, it can - Answer bind to other compounds
calcium is saturable, meaning that - Answer we can't absorb more one full
calcium is absorbed through - Answer carrier mediation, which means it needs a carrier
protein
calcium is absorbed by - Answer active transport, which requires energy
calcium can also be absorbed via - Answer transcellular transport and diffusion
calcium absorption occurs in the - Answer duodenum and proximal jejunum
calcium absorption is regulated by - Answer the hormone calcitriol
the diffusion of calcium is - Answer passive, nonsaturable, and a nonregulated process
and it occurs in mostly the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine
what increases calcium absorption? - Answer increased vitamin D and PTH, consuming
lactose during the same meal, increased need (growth, pregnancy, lactation),
distribution of intake throughout the day, acidic pH in digestive tract)
what decreases calcium absorption? - Answer decreased vitamin D and PTH,
consuming phytate, fiber, and oxalates during same meal, decreased need, increased
diet zinc or magnesium, high- fat diets or decreased fat- digestion, excess diet
phosphorus, magnesium, and vitamin A, rapid GI tract movement
nutrients/ substances enhancing calcium absorption - Answer vitamin D, sugar and
sugar alcohols, protein
nutrients/ substances inhibiting calcium absorption - Answer fiber, phytic acid, oxalic
acid, excessive zinc and magnesium, unabsorbed fatty acids
nutrients whose absorption may be inhibited by excess calcium - Answer phosphorus,
iron, fatty acids
ingestion of large amounts of calcium with phosphorus- containing foods - Answer
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Flat. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79223 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now