10/28/24, 6:57 AM 2024 update|week 8 NR 546 |2024-2025 UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLU…
2024 update|week 8 NR 546 |2024-2025
UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|GET IT
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Terms in this set (33)
short term memory deficits
disoriented to date
diminished recall of recent events
mild language and decision-making deficits
Early (1-3 years) signs of
mild problem copying figures (clock drawing)
AD
social withdrawal
mood change
personality changes
problems with managing finances
disoriented to date and place
may get lost in familiar places
Middle (2-8 years) stage
impaired learning new skills
of AD
agitation, aggression, restlessness, or anxiety
difficulty with ADLs such as cooking and grooming
disoriented to person, time, or place
non-verbal
long term memory diminished
Late (6-12 years) stage of
unable to groom or dress
AD
progress to need for total care at end stage
incontinent
motor or verbal agitation
, 10/28/24, 6:57 AM 2024 update|week 8 NR 546 |2024-2025 UPDATE|COMPREHENSIVE MOST TESTED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLU…
most prevalent in people over age 65
African American (13.8%),
Alzheimer's disease (AD) Hispanics (12.2%),
demographic non-Hispanic whites (10.3%),
American Indian and Alaska Natives (9.1%),
Asian and Pacific Islanders (8.4%)
Genes appear to play a strong role, with late-onset
Genetics r/t AD AD showing heritability of 58-79% and early-onset
AD showing over 90%
amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
Neuroanatomy r/t AD
atrophy of hippocampus and cerebral cortex.
damage to synapses, mitochondrial abnormalities,
Neural Networks r/t AD
and inflammatory processes
decreased acetylcholinesterase activity and a
permanent loss of cholinergic neurons
Neural Signaling r/t AD
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter necessary
for processing memory and learning.
comprehensive health history is key to gather clues
Rule out other causes of dementia
Early AD may include anxiety, irritability, and sleep
Diagnosis of AD
disruption
new-onset mental health symptoms in late 50s and
60s may be in the early stage of AD
do not change the progression of AD
Cholinesterase Inhibitors provide some alleviation of symptoms
(ChEIs)X eg. donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon),
galantamine (Razadyne, Razadyne ER),
donepezil (Aricept) inhibits centrally active acetylcholinesterase
Mechanism of Action
gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea and diarrhea)
donepezil (Aricept) headache
Common Side Effects dizziness
muscle weakness
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