PSY121 - Final Project UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Course
PSY121
Institution
PSY121
PSY121 - Final Project UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Perspectives of Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER- psychodynamic - our behavior is
determined by the unconscious mind and childhood experiences.
biological - The biological perspective states that all thoughts, feeling & behavior ...
PSY121 - Final Project UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Perspectives of Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- psychodynamic - our behavior is
determined by the unconscious mind and childhood experiences.
biological - The biological perspective states that all thoughts, feeling & behavior ultimately
have a biological cause.
behavioral - concerned with how environmental factors (called stimuli) affect observable
behavior (called the response).
The behaviorist perspective proposes two main processes whereby people learn from their
environment
cognitive - psychologists from this perspective study cognition which is 'the mental act or
process by which knowledge is acquired.'
humanistic - Humanistic psychologists believe that an individual's behavior is connected to
his inner feelings and self-image
sociocultural - understand human behavior by analyzing the culture of individuals and the
groups they belong to and participate in
correlational research - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- research that seeks to identify whether an
association or relationship between two factors exists
correlation coefficients - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- direction and strength of the
relationship between 2 variables (+ or -) (-1 to 1)
Correlation and Causation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- correlation does not imply causation;
experimental research method is the only one that can assume cause and effect relationship
types of variables - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- independent and dependent, the groups:
experimental group and control group, confounding variables= Confounding variables are the
extra, unaccounted-for variables that can have a hidden impact on the outcome being
explored.
,cautions with experimental research - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- researchers control for bias
by: random assignment, giving a placebo (control, sugar pill, etc), single-blind (1/2 know)
and double-blind (neither researcher, nor participants know which condition participant's are
in)
random assignment versus random sampling - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Random
Assignment-any subject had an equal chance of getting assigned to either condition. "true"
experiment
Random Sampling- each person in the population has equal chance of being selected to be in
the sample
descriptive research methods - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Naturalistic observation, case
study, survey
steps of scientific method - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Ask a Question
Do Background Research
Construct a Hypothesis
Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
Communicate Your Results
ethics in research - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- informed consent, freedom from coercion,
protection from harm, risk-benefit analysis, deception, debriefing, confidentiality
compliance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- changing one's behavior at the request or direction
of another person, compliance techniques include The Foot in the Door Technique - assumes
agreeing to a small request increases the likelihood of agreeing to a second, larger request.
Door in the Face Technique - the persuader attempts to convince the respondent to comply by
making a large request that the respondent will most likely turn down.
This technique achieves compliance as refusing a large request increases the likelihood of
agreeing to a second, smaller request.
The Low-Ball Technique - the persuader gets a person to commit to a low-ball offer they have
no intention of keeping; then the price is suddenly increased. Since a person has already
committed, it is hard to say no to the new higher price demand.
, prejudice - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- attitude negatively against a group, discrimination -
behavior negatively against a group, stereotyping - mental thoughts about what people are
like. explicit bias = conscious, implicit bias = subconscious.
attribution theory & bias - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- types of attribution = internal
(contributing one's actions to their internal thoughts and who they are) and external =
(contributing one's actions to external factors and circumstances)
3 attribution biases
Fundamental attribution bias = we are often too quick to attribute the behavior of other
people to something personal about them rather than to something about their situation.
Actor-observer bias = we tend to make more personal attributions for the behavior of others
than we do for ourselves and to make more situational attributions for our own behavior
Self-serving bias = people's tendency to attribute their successes to internal factors but
attributes their failures to external ones.
obedience - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- A form of compliance that occurs when people
follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority.
miligram experiment = Subjects were uncomfortable administering the shocks, and displayed
varying degrees of tension and stress. These signs included sweating, trembling, stuttering,
biting their lips, groaning, and digging their fingernails into their skin, and some were even
having nervous laughing fits or seizures.[1] 14 of the 40 subjects showed definite signs of
nervous laughing or smiling. Every participant paused the experiment at least once to
question it. Most continued after being assured by the experimenter. Some said they would
refund the money they were paid for participating. Although, a while after the experiment,
Milgram found that many participants were happy to have taken part in the experiment.
group influence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- the idea that people are influenced by being
part of a group. Group influence is the effect of the group on human behavior
helping behavior - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Bystander effect = people are less likely to
offer help to someone in distress if other people are also present. The probability that a person
will receive help decreases as the number of people present increases.
cognitive dissonance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, attitudes,
especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude chance. It can be reduced by being
mindful and challenging your current beliefs
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