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Test Bank For Medical Microbiology, 9th - 2021 All Chapters - 9780323673228
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TEST BANK FOR MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH -2021 ALL CHAPTERS - 9780323673228
Allergy (Hypersensitivity) - (ANSWER)an acquired, abnormal immune response to a substance
(allergen) that does not normally cause a reaction.
Antagonism - (ANSWER)mutual opposition or contrary action. The inhibition of one
microorganism by another.
Antibody - (ANSWER)glycoprotein substance developed by the body in response to, and
interacting specifically with, an antigen. Also known as immunoglobulin.
Antigen - (ANSWER)a foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies that react
specifically with it.
Antisepsis - (ANSWER)the prevention or inhibiting of the growth of causative microorganisms.
Attenuation - (ANSWER)dilution or weakening of virulence of a microorganism, reducing or
abolishing pathogenicity.
Autotrophic bacteria - (ANSWER)self nourishing bacteria.
Bacillus (pl. Bacilli) - (ANSWER)rod-shaped bacteria.
Bacteremia - (ANSWER)the presence of bacteria in the blood.
Bacteria - (ANSWER)a prokaryotic one-celled microorganism of the Kingdom Monera, existing
as free living organisms or as parasites, multiplying by binary fission and having a large range of
biochemical properties.
,Bacterial colony - (ANSWER)a visible group of bacteria growing on a solid medium,
presumably arising from a single microorganism.
Bactericide - (ANSWER)an agent that destroys bacteria but not necessarily their spores.
Bacteriology - (ANSWER)science that studies bacteria.
Binary fission - (ANSWER)a method of asexual reproduction involving halving of the nucleus
and cytoplasm of the cell followed by the development of each half into a new individual.
Biological Vector - (ANSWER)an arthropod vector in which the disease causing organism
multiplies or develops within the arthropod prior to becoming infective for a susceptible
individual.
Capsule - (ANSWER)the membrane that surrounds some bacterial cells; a loose gel-like
structure that, in pathogenic bacteria, helps to protect against phagocytosis.
Chlamydia - (ANSWER)a large group of nonmotile, gram negative intracellular parasites.
Coccus (pl. Cocci) - (ANSWER)the type of bacteria that is spherical or ovoid in form.
Commensalism - (ANSWER)the symbiotic relationship of two organisms of different species in
which one gains some benefit such as protection or nourishment and the other is not harmed or
benefited.
Communicable - (ANSWER)a disease that may be transmitted directly or indirectly from one
individual to another.
Contamination - (ANSWER)the act of introducing disease germs or infectious material into an
area or substance.
, Diplobacilli - (ANSWER)a double bacillus, two being linked end to end. Morax-Axenfeld
bacillus a cause of conjunctivitis is typical of this form.
Diplococcus - (ANSWER)a genus of bacteria that occur in pairs.
Disinfectant - (ANSWER)a chemical or physical agent that kills disease-causing
microorganisms.
Disinfection - (ANSWER)the destruction of disease-causing microorganisms by chemical or
physical means.
Drug-fast - (ANSWER)resistant, as in bacteria, to the action of a drug or drugs.
Endemic - (ANSWER)disease that occurs continuously in a particular region, but has low
mortality.
Endogenous infection - (ANSWER)produced or arising from within a cell or organism.
Endospores - (ANSWER)a thick-walled spore within a bacterium.
Endotoxin - (ANSWER)bacterial toxin confined within the cell wall of a bacterium freed only
when the bacterium is broken down, found only in gram negative bacteria.
Epidemic - (ANSWER)appearance of an infectious disease or condition that attacks many people
at the same time in the same geographical area.
Exogenous infections - (ANSWER)originating outside an organ or part.
Exotoxin - (ANSWER)a toxin produced by a microorganism and excreted into its surrounding
medium.
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