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HCC Final Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025

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HCC Final Exam Questions & Answers 2024/2025 Macronutrients - ANSWERSSubstances that you need for most of your body. Ex: proteins, fats, carbs Micronutrients - ANSWERSminerals & vitamins you can get from food & supplements. Phytochemicals - ANSWERSfound in green veggies & tomatoes, help ...

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  • October 27, 2024
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HCC Final Exam Questions & Answers
2024/2025

Macronutrients - ANSWERSSubstances that you need for most of your body. Ex: proteins, fats, carbs



Micronutrients - ANSWERSminerals & vitamins you can get from food & supplements.



Phytochemicals - ANSWERSfound in green veggies & tomatoes, help fight off infection.



Kilocalorie - ANSWERSNumber on the back of your food to say how many calories are in food.



Malnutrition - ANSWERSNot getting adequate nutrition.



Sarcopenia - ANSWERSmuscle loss due to aging (upper arms & calves).



Anasarca - ANSWERSbuild up of fluid in your tissues.



Hypoalbuminemia - ANSWERShelps fluid stay in blood stream & not in tissues.



Food desert - ANSWERSarea in which it is difficult to obtain healthy foods.



Non GMO Foods - ANSWERSfood that grows naturally ex. (organic foods)



Basal Metabolic Rate - ANSWERSEnergy needed at rest to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific
amount of time.



Resting Energy Expenditure - ANSWERSAmount of energy needed to consume over 24 hr period for the
body to maintain internal working activities while at rest.

,Things that change your metabolic needs: - ANSWERSP- pregnant

I- illness

L- lactation

A- activity level.



Each macronutrient & micronutrient has specific function - ANSWERSEffects of deficiency or excess
relate to the functions



Carbohydrate - ANSWERS4g; complex & simple saccharides - main source of energy



Protein - ANSWERS4g; amino acids - necessary for nitrogen balance



Fats - ANSWERS9g; saturates, polysaturated, & monosaturated - calorie dense



Water - ANSWERSM=15 cups

F=11 cups

cell function depends on a fluid environment



Vitamins - ANSWERSEssential for metabolism - water-soluble or fat-soluble



Minerals - ANSWERSCatalysts for enzymatic reaction; macro minerals - trace elements



Vit A - ANSWERSDeficiencies: night blindness

Excess: Loss of appetite, bone pain, hypercalcemia



Vit B1 (thiamine) - ANSWERSDeficiencies: Wernicke's encephalopathy w/ neurodegeneration

Excess: toxicity rare

, Vit B2 - ANSWERSDeficiencies: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death

Excess: abnormal glucose metabolism, flushing, N/V



Vit B12 - ANSWERSDeficiencies: pernicious anemia, psychiatric disorders

Excess: unknown



Biotin - ANSWERSDeficiencies: hair loss

Excess: unknown



Vit C - ANSWERSDeficiencies: bleeding tendency, scurvy

Excess: inhibits zinc absorption, urinary stones



Vit D - ANSWERSDeficiencies: Rickets, bone disease, muscle pain, falls

Excess: hypercalcemia, renal stones, calcification of soft tissues



Copper - ANSWERSDeficiencies: anemia, skin lesions, neurological disease, bone fragility

Excess: found in Wilson's disease, neuron & liver cell death



Iron - ANSWERSDeficiencies: anemia, fatigue, poor growth

Excess: hemochromatosis (genetic) with liver, pancreas, & cardiac damage



Magnesium - ANSWERSDeficiencies: HTN, dysrhythmia, preeclampsia

Excess: increased calcium excretion



Zinc - ANSWERSDeficiencies: dermatitis, impaired taste & growth, low level of alkaline phosphate
enzyme

Excess: copper deficiency, renal damage, N/V, diarrhea.

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