Cardiovascular NCLEX-PN Questions
NEW VERSION|ACCURATE QUESTIONS| VERIFIED
ANSWERS|GUARANTEED PASS|GRADED A.
A nurse is providing postoperative care for a client who had a percutaneous insertion of
an inferior vena cava filter and was on heparin therapy before surgery. The nurse
should be most concerned about monitoring for which potential complications?
1.Bleeding and infection
2.Thrombosis and infection
3.Bleeding and wound dehiscence
4.Wound dehiscence and evisceration
- Ans - 1.Bleeding and infection
Rationale:
After inferior vena cava filter insertion, the nurse inspects the surgical site for bleeding
and signs and symptoms of infection. Heparin therapy also predisposes the client to
bleeding. Thrombosis is unlikely because the client is on heparin therapy. Wound
dehiscence and evisceration are not concerns because no abdominal incision is made.
The home care nurse has taught a client with a problem of inadequate cardiac output
about helpful lifestyle adaptations to promote health. Which statement by the client best
demonstrates an understanding of the information provided?
1."I will eat enough daily fiber to prevent straining at stool."
2."I will try to exercise vigorously to strengthen my heart muscle."
3."I will drink 3000 to 3500 mL of fluid daily to promote good kidney function."
4."Drinking 2 to 3 oz of liquor each night will promote blood flow by enlarging blood
vessels."
- Ans - 1."I will eat enough daily fiber to prevent straining at stool.
"Rationale:
Standard home care instructions for a client with this problem include, among others,
lifestyle changes such as decreased alcohol intake, avoiding activities that increase the
demands on the heart, instituting a bowel regimen to prevent straining and constipation,
and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. Consuming 3000 to 3500 mL of fluid and
exercising vigorously will increase the cardiac workload
A client has experienced an episode of pulmonary edema. The nurse determines that
the client's respiratory status is improving after this episode if which breath sounds are
noted?
1. Rhonchi
2. Wheezes
3. Crackles in the bases
4.Crackles throughout the lung fields
- Ans - 3. Crackles in the bases
Rationale:
,Pulmonary edema is characterized by extreme breathlessness, dyspnea, air hunger,
and the production of frothy, pink-tinged sputum. As the client's condition improves, the
amount of fluid in the alveoli decreases, which may be detected by crackles in the
bases. (Clear lung sounds indicate full resolution of the episode.) Rhonchi and wheezes
are not associated with pulmonary edema. Auscultation of the lungs reveals crackles
throughout the lung fields
After instruction on the application of antiembolism stockings, the nurse determines that
the client requires further teaching if which of these actions is performed?
1. The client puts on the stockings before getting out of bed.
2. The client bunches up the stockings for easier application.
3. The client ensures that stockings are pulled all the way up.
4. The client makes sure the rough seams of the stockings are on the outside.
- Ans - 2. The client bunches up the stockings for easier application.
Rationale:
When applying antiembolism stockings the client should not bunch up the stockings.
Instead the client should place the hand inside the stocking and pull the heel out. The
foot of the stocking should then be placed over the client's foot and the rest of the
stocking pulled up the leg. This will help to prevent wrinkling and twisting of the
stocking. Options 1, 3, and 4 demonstrate correct application of the stockings.
A nurse is assisting in admitting a client who has a diagnosis of hypothermia. The nurse
anticipates that this client will exhibit which vital signs?
1.Increased heart rate and increased blood pressure
2. Increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
3. Decreased heart rate and increased blood pressure
4. Decreased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
- Ans - 4. Decreased heart rate and decreased blood pressure
Rationale:
The heart rate and blood pressure are decreased because the metabolic needs of the
body are reduced with hypothermia. With fewer metabolic needs, the workload of the
heart decreases. Therefore options 1, 2, and 3 are incorrect.
A client with angina has a 12-lead electrocardiogram taken during an episode of chest
pain. The nurse should examine the tracing for which electrocardiographic (ECG)
change caused by myocardial ischemia
1. Tall, peaked T waves
2. Prolonged PR interval
3. Widened QRS complex
4. ST segment elevation or depression
- Ans - 4. ST segment elevation or depression
Rationale:
An electrocardiogram taken during a chest pain episode captures ischemic changes,
which include ST segment elevation or depression. Tall, peaked T waves may indicate
hyperkalemia. A prolonged PR interval indicates first-degree heart block. A widened
, QRS complex indicates delay in intraventricular conduction, such as a bundle branch
block.
The nurse is giving discharge instructions to a client who has just undergone vein
ligation and stripping. The nurse evaluates that the client understands activity and
positioning limitations if the client states that which action is appropriate to do?
1. Walk for as long as possible each day.
2. Cross the legs at the ankle only, not at the knee.
3. Lie down with the legs elevated and avoid sitting.
4. Sit in a chair 3 times a day for 3 hours at a time
- Ans - 3. Lie down with the legs elevated and avoid sitting.
Rationale:
The client who has had vein ligation and stripping should avoid standing or sitting for
prolonged periods. The client should remain lying down unless performing a specific
activity for the first few days after the procedure. Prolonged standing or sitting increases
the risk of edema in the legs by decreasing blood return to the heart. The client should
avoid crossing the legs at any level for the same reason
A client with angina complains that the anginal pain is prolonged, severe, and occurs at
the same time each day, most often in the morning. On further assessment, the nurse
notes that the pain occurs in the absence of precipitating factors. How would the nurse
best describe this type of anginal pain?
.1. Stable angina
2. Variant angina
3. Unstable angina
4. Nonanginal pai
n - Ans - 2. Variant angina
Rationale:
Variant angina, or Prinzmetal's angina, is prolonged and severe and occurs at the same
time each day, usually in the morning. Stable angina is induced by exercise and
relieved by rest or nitroglycerin tablets. Unstable angina occurs at lower levels of activity
than those that previously precipitated the angina. Unstable angina also occurs at rest,
is less predictable, and is often a precursor of myocardial infarction.
The nurse is performing a health screening on a 54-year-old client. The client has a
blood pressure of 118/78 mm Hg, total cholesterol level of 190 mg/dL, and fasting blood
glucose level of 184 mg/dL. The nurse interprets this to mean that the client has which
modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD)?
1. Age
2. Hypertension
3. Hyperlipidemia
4. Glucose intolerance
- Ans - 4. Glucose intolerance
Rationale:
Hypertension, cigarette smoking, and hyperlipidemia are modifiable risk factors that are
predictors of CAD. Glucose intolerance, obesity, and response to stress are contributing
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