Water, Membranes/Membrane Transport, Homeostasis, and
Water potential Questions With Complete Solutions
Active transport Correct Answer Molecules move against the
concentration gradient, requires energy from ATP, ex: Na-K
pump, endo/exocytosis
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Correct Answer Hormone
produced in the posterior pituitary gland that stimulates water
reabsorption from kidney tubule cells into the blood and
vasoconstriction of arterioles.
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus regulate the amount of
ADH released by the posterior pituitary gland in response to
changes in the osmotic pressure of plasma.
Osmotic pressure depends on the plasma osmolarity (solute
concentration of the plasma in your blood).
Aquaporins Correct Answer A transport protein in the plasma
membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates
the diffusion of water across the membrane commonly found in
the eyes, liver, lungs, kidneys, salivary glands, and intestines.
Define adhesion Correct Answer dipole-dipole attractions
between molecules of different substances ex: capillary action in
soil, water and glass
Define cohesion Correct Answer Attraction between water
molecules
caused by Hydrogen bonding (NOF)
, define selective permeability Correct Answer proteins on a
membrane that have specific shapes and polarities that only
allow certain molecules through
define the process of solvation Correct Answer a solvent
interacts with a solute to dilute it
water forms H-bonds (NOF) or ion-dipole attractions with polar
solutes.
Describe the process of a Na-K pump Correct Answer 1. Na+
binds
2. ATP breaks apart and a phosphate attaches changing the
shape and sending 3 Na out of the cell
3. 2 Ka bind to the carrier
4. Phosphate detaches and 2 Ka is moved inside the cell
Explain the process of thermoregulation. Correct Answer you
sense heat or cold via peripheral thermoreceptors in the dermis
which then send signals to the area in the hypothalamus that
contain the temperature monitoring impulses.
When you feel cold: signals are sent to your blood vessels to
contract so that heat is conserved and signals are sent to the
skeletal muscles to shiver to generate heat
When you feel hot: signals are sent to the blood vessels to dilate
resulting in heat loss and sweat glands secrete fluid (sweat), as
the fluid evaporates, heat is lost from the body
facilitated diffusion Correct Answer movement of molecules
through or with the assistance of channel proteins or carrier
proteins (still requires no energy)
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