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ASU BIO 340 Exam 1 with correct answers
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ASU BIO 340 Exam 1 with correct answers
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ASU BIO 340 Exam 1 with correctanswers
selective breeding (artificial selection) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔the process of
developing organisms with specific characteristics as chosen by the breeders
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔Amateur botanist who
published an explanation of hereditary transmission in plants in 1866. Known for his
pea-plant experiments and commonly referred to as the "father of genetics"
modern genetics - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔the study of heredity and the variation of
inherited characteristics
bacterial transforming principle - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔an experiment proposed by
Frederick Griffith in 1928 which suggested that a "transforming principle" from a
heat-killed virulent Pneumococcus strain can transform a non-virulent strain into a
pathogenic one.
Avery, McCarty, MacLeod (1944) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔biological researchers who
identified DNA as the likely transforming principle in Griffith's experiment.
Hershey and Chase (1952) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔concluded that the genetic
material of the bacteriophage was DNA, not protein.
Edwin Chargaff - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔Austrian biochemist who discovered that
identical quantities of A and T, C and G were present in DNA (developed the
complementary base-pairing rule for DNA).
Frederick Griffith (1928) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔British bacteriologist; the first
person to show that hereditary information could be transferred from one cell to
another horizontally rather than vertically
,genome - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔the complete set of genetic information carried by
a species
vertical transmission - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔gene transmission between organisms
without parental reproduction
horizontal transmission - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔gene transmission from parents to
their offspring through reproduction (aka person-to-person)
DNA replication - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔the process in which DNA makes a
duplicate copy of itself.
transcription - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA
template
mRNA (messenger RNA) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔a single-stranded RNA molecule
that encodes the information to make a protein
hereditary material - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔the information which is passed from
one cellular generation to the next (encoded in DNA in humans).
Pauling and Corey (1951) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔biological researchers who
provided the basis for research on DNA structure (proposed an alpha helix model as
a structure for nucleic acid)
Watson and Crick (1953) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔the two scientists who discovered
the structure and shape of DNA
nucleotide - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔a building block of DNA, consisting of a five-
carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
genes - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔DNA segments that serve as the key functional units
in hereditary transmission.
, chromosomes - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and
protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the
form of genes.
nucleoid - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔a dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
diploid - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one
from each parent (2n)
haploid - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔an organism or cell having only one complete set of
chromosomes (n)
gametes - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔human sex cells containing one set of 23
chromosomes
homologous chromosomes - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔matched pairs of chromosomes
in a diploid organism
Chargaff's Rule - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔A=T and C=G
locus - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔position of a gene on a chromosome
Meselson and Stahl (1958) - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔Bacterial cells were grown in a
heavy isotope of nitrogen, 15N
All the DNA incorporated 15N
Cells were switched to media containing lighter 14N
DNA was extracted from the cells at various time intervals
central dogma - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔theory that states that, in cells, information
only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins
translation - .......ANSWERS 🔷🖊✔✔decoding of a mRNA message into a
polypeptide chain
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