Gas Exchange / Exam 4 / NUR 112 Exam Questions And Answers
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Gas Exchange / / NUR 112
Institution
Gas Exchange / / NUR 112
Gas Exchange / Exam 4 / NUR 112 Exam Questions And Answers
oxygenation - Answer-The concept of _______________ refers to how well the cells, tissues, and organs of the body are supplied with oxygen. The concepts of respiration and ventilation are the two major processes that occur in the pulmona...
Gas Exchange / Exam 4 / NUR 112 Exam
Questions And Answers
oxygenation - Answer-The concept of _______________ refers to how well the cells,
tissues, and organs of the body are supplied with oxygen. The concepts of respiration
and ventilation are the two major processes that occur in the pulmonary system to
oxygenate the blood.
/.Because it drys out the nasal mucosa.
Interventions:
- Humidifier
- Nasal saline spray - Answer-Why can oxygen therapy cause nosebleeds?
/.1.) *Airways and lungs*
2.) *Ventilation*- Movement of air into/out of the lungs
3.) *Respiration*
- Exchange of oxygen/carbon dioxide
- Alveolar capillary/capillary cell membrane - Answer-Pulmonary System:
/.C. Arterial blood gas (ABG) sampling
- The term "hypoxemia" means low blood oxygen level. Arterial blood gas sampling is
the most direct way in which the level of oxygen in the blood can be measured. -
Answer-Which diagnostic test/exam would best measure a client's level of hypoxemia?
A. Chest x-ray
B. Pulse oximeter reading
C. Arterial blood gas (ABG) sampling
D. Peak expiratory flow rate
/.Respiratory Rate - Answer-How fast you breathe. Variables include exercise, pain,
medications, anxiety, LOC, & age.
/.Respiratory Depth - Answer-Is how much your lungs expand to take in air. These
processes affect oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
/.Lung compliance - Answer-Refers to the ease of lung inflation. Normally, the lungs
inflate easily. Is reduced by increased lung water (edema), loss of surfactant, or
, conditions that cause elastin fibers in the lungs to be replaced with scar tissue
(collagen).
/.Lung elasticity (or elastic recoil) - Answer-Refers to the tendency of the elastin fibers to
return to their original position away from the chest wall after being stretched (think of
stretching a rubber band, then letting go of it). Alveoli that have been overstretched, as
with emphysema, lose their elastic recoil over time. This loss of elasticity allows the
lungs to inflate easily but inhibits deflation, leaving stale air trapped in the alveoli.
*COPD*
/.Surfactant - Answer-Keeps the alveolar surface lubricated so it can inflate & deflate
without sticking.
/.Airway resistance - Answer-Is the resistance to airflow within the airways. The larger
the diameter of the airway, the more easily air moves through it. May narrow with
bronchoconstriction IE "Asthma attack"
/.Respiration - Answer-Refers to gas exchange, or the oxygenation of blood and
elimination of carbon dioxide in the lungs.
/.External respiration (alveolar-capillary gas exchange) - Answer-Occurs in the alveoli of
the lungs. Oxygen (O2) diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane into the blood
of the pulmonary capillaries; carbon dioxide (CO2) diffuses out of the blood and into the
alveoli *to be exhaled.*
/.Internal respiration (capillary-tissue gas exchange) - Answer-Occurs in body organs
and tissues. Oxygen diffuses from the blood through the capillary-cellular membrane
into the tissue cells, *where it is used for metabolism.*
/.- Involuntary
- Motor cortex can temporarily override breathing to become voluntary for activities such
as talking, swallowing, singing.
- The respiratory centers in the brainstem control breathing using feedback from
chemoreceptors and lung receptors. Voluntary control from the motor cortex can
override the involuntary respiratory centers, but only temporarily. This allows a person
to continue breathing while doing activities such as talking, singing, swallowing,
whistling, and blowing.
- Chemoreceptors
- Lung receptors - Answer-Control of Breathing:
/.Chemoreceptors - Answer-Located in the medulla of the brainstem, the carotid
arteries, and the aorta, detect changes in blood pH, O2, and CO2 levels and send
messages back to the central respiratory center in the brainstem. In response, the
respiratory center increases or decreases ventilation to maintain normal blood levels of
pH, O2 (PO2), and CO2 (PCO2). *Normally, the blood CO2 level provides the primary
stimulus to breathe.*
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