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MDN 6000 (MNT 1) EXAM 2 Study Guide Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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MDN 6000 (MNT 1) EXAM 2 Study Guide Questions And 100%Correct Answers
Hormone that orchestrates the body's use and storage of nutrients and metabolism. -
Answer Insulin
Suboptimal response of insulin-sensitive tissues to insulin - Answer insulin resistance
Adipose Tissue secretes - Answer leptin, resistin, and adiponectin
The last resort use of energy for the body and not stored in body - Answer protein
Fat contains ___ kcal and can last you up to ___ months while starving - Answer 1500, 2
months
islets contain 4 secretory type of cells: - Answer alpha, beta, delta, and F-cells
Alpha islet cells produce - Answer glucagon
Beta islet cells produce - Answer insulin and amylin
Delta islet cells produce - Answer somatostatin and gastrin
Somatostatin does what - Answer stops insulin and amylin production
gastrin does what - Answer increases gastric acid and helps with digestion
islet F-cells produce - Answer counter-regulatory pancreatic polypeptides
,Why inject insulin vs taking by mouth? - Answer Takes longer to reach bloodstream by
mouth
___ is the main glucose transporter that allows glucose to enter cell when readily
stimulated from cytoplasm to cell membrane - Answer GLUT-4
GLUT 4 only expressed in ___ and __ tissue - Answer muscle and adipose.
Translocation of GLUT 4 results in 10-20 fold increase in _____ infusion into
insulin-sensitive cells - Answer glucose
Insulin is an ____ hormone that lowers blood glucose and orchestrates the use of fuels. -
Answer Anabolic
Three major targets for insulin action: - Answer liver, muscle, adipose
Liver uses ___ and ____ transporter BILATERALLY to bring glucose into the
insulin-sensitive cells - Answer GLUT-2 and GLUT-7
When blood glucose is high, alpha cells decrease ___ to return blood sugar to normal -
Answer glucagon
High -When blood glucose is high, beta cells increase___ to return blood sugar to normal
- Answer insulin
Low -When blood glucose is low, alpha cells increase ___ to return blood sugar to
normal - Answer glucagon
Low -When blood glucose is low, beta cells decrease ___ to return blood sugar to normal
- Answer insulin
, Inflammation Hypothesis states - Answer Over-stuffed adipocytes trap macrophages
causing cytokines interfere with insulin signaling
Lipotoxicity Hypothesis states - Answer Increased levels of free fatty acids together with
Ectopic Fat deposited within the muscle cells result in faulty GLUT 4 action
Cells have ___ receptors when chronically exposed to high concentration of glucose &
insulin that leads to insulin resistance - Answer fewer
The lesser number of receptors that is associated with high exposure of glucose and
insulin concentration on cells is known as ___ - Answer Down Regulation
Increased insulin can cause increased _____ of folds of neck and back - Answer
darkening
Normal A1C, Fasting blood glucose, and Oral glucose - Answer about 5, 99 or less, and
139 or less
Prediabetes A1C, fasting blood glucose, and oral glucose - Answer 5.7-6.4, 100-125,
and 140-199
Diabetes A1C, fasting blood glucose, and oral glucose - Answer 6.5 or more, 126 or
more, 200 or more
______ is associated with 3 out of 5 of the following Abdominal obesity*, insulin
resistance, cholesterol abnormalities (high TGs or Low HDL), and hypertension (HTN)
occur together. - Answer Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)
Abdominal Obesity Waist Circumference standards - Answer greater than 40 for men
and greater than 35 for women
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