Davita Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Davita
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Davita
Davita Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis - CORRECT
ANSWER- ● Ultrafiltration: Fluid is pushed through a semipermeable membrane.
● Convection: Or solute drag means that solutes move with the water ...
Davita Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- ● Ultrafiltration: Fluid is pushed through a semipermeable membrane.
● Convection: Or solute drag means that solutes move with the water across the
semipermeable membrane. In this way, convection adds to the clearance achieved through
diffusion as solutes are dragged along with the ultrafiltrate.
● Diffusion: Is the movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable membrane from
the side with the higher concentration to the side with the lower concentration. This
difference in solute concentration on each side of the membrane is called concentration
gradient. The higher the concentration gradient, the faster diffusion occurs. Once the
concentration of a dissolved particle is the same on both sides of the semipermeable
membrane, diffusion stops.
● Osmosis: Is a chemical process by which dissolved chemicals will migrate from an area of
high concentration to one of low
concentration. Essentially if you dissolve something in a liquid, the dissolved compounds
(called solutes) will spread out until there is
an equal concentration of solute everywhere.
What are the kidneys excretory functions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- To normalize
electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
What is the function of the acid concentration - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Provides the
concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
What is the function of bicarbonate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Buffers the acid
concentrate
,Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- > 5.5 mEq: extreme
muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
What are the kidneys endocrine functions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Renin secretion,
Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Provide
medications
How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- 15%
What is uremia and how does it affect the body? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Uremia is a
buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure and affects all body systems.
What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- -slowing the
progression of ckd
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
, Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems during data collection and
assessment
Why is sodium balance important? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Leads to volume expansion,
increased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and increased blood
pressure
Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Edema, hypertension,
shortness of breath
Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who complains of: dry itchy
skin, peripheral neuropathy(nerve pain in extremities) and gi problems - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Use hyper-fatted soaps and lotions, monitor patient for changes in motor
function and inform RN and physician of any bleeding problems/constipation/diarrhea
What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and hypertension - CORRECT
ANSWER✔✔- Left ventricular hypertrophy
What is Percarditis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Inflammation of the membrane
(pericardial sac) around the heart
What is a common cause of hypertension in dialysis patients - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
fluid overload
Left ventricular hypertrophy leads to - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Ischemic heart disease,
arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and sudden death
Why are dialysis patients anemic? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 1. the lifespan of their red
blood cell is 60 days 1/2 of the normal 120 days.
What can you do to avoid contributing to lower hemoglobin and blood loss in dialysis
patients - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Verify correct Erythropoietin Stimulating Agent (ESA)
dose is administered, rinse back until venous line is pink tinged, and avoid repeat lab draws
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