Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography,
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MULTIPLE CHOICE ff
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include ff ff ff ff ff ff
1. creation of unstable atoms. ff ff ff
2. production of free electrons. ff ff ff
3. creation of highly reactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable of
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producing substances poisonous to the cell.
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4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
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5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
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6. production of low-energy x-ray photons. ff ff ff ff
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
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b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only
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c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
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d. All the options ff ff
ANS: f f D
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically
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ffcharged particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter
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through which it passes?
ff ff ff ff
a. Ionizing radiation ff
b. Nonionizing radiation ff
c. Subatomic radiation ff
d. Ultrasonic radiation ff
ANS: f f A
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the
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medical benefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
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a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation
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ff phobia they may have. ff ff ff
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a
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small chance of biologic damage.
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c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff biologic damage. ff
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of
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possible biologic damage.
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ANS: f f D
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
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a. 1/10 of a sievert. ff ff ff
b. 1/100 of a sievert. ff ff ff
c. 1/1000 of a sievert. ff ff ff
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert. ff ff ff
ANS: f f C
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
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1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
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2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
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3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
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a. 1 and 2 only ff ff ff
b. 1 and 3 only ff ff ff
c. 2 and 3 only ff ff ff
d. All the options ff ff
ANS: D ff
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will
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receive from a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
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a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received
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from the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
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b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
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c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
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d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with
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the referring physician.
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ANS: A ff
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging
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procedures always follow ALARA?
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a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to
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accept responsibility for patient radiation safety.
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b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
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, patient radiation safety. ff f f
c. Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that
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is, a dose level below which a person would have no chance of developing this
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disease. ff
d. Because radiation-induced cancer does have a dose level at which ff f ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
individuals would have a chance of developing this disease.
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ANS: C ff
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
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a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options ff ff
ANS: D ff
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the
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hospital administration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement,
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and maintenance of the ALARA program?
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a. Assistant administrator of the facility ff ff ff ff
b. Chief of staff ff ff
c. Radiation Safety Officer ff ff
d. Student radiologic technologist ff f f
ANS: C ff
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a
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specific x-ray procedure difficult to answer?
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1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure.
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2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a
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patient.
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3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose.
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a. 1 and 2 only ff ff ff
b. 1 and 3 only ff ff ff
c. 2 and 3 only ff ff ff
d. All the options ff ff
ANS: A ff
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
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a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B ff
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
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a. Coulomb per kilogram ff ff
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A ff
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the
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need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols to be used
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for both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
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a. U.S. Food and Drug Administration ff ff ff ff
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