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SCN1111 Health Science Sem 1 Exam Questions And Answers
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SCN1111 Health Science Sem 1 Exam Questions And Answers...
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SCN1111 Health Science Sem 1 ExamQuestions And Answers
Medial - Answer middle/towards middle
lateral - Answer away from middle
intermediate - Answer between medial and lateral structure
proximal - Answer close to body part
distal - Answer far from body part
superficial - Answer toward surface
deep - Answer away from surface
types of connective tissue - Answer connective, cartilage, bone and blood
factors affecting target cells - Answer amount of hormone in blood
number of receptors on target cell
affinity of binding between receptor and hormone
Hypertension-primary, secondary and pre-Answer Sustained elevated arterial pressure
of 140/90 mmhg or higher
Primary: common, no underlying cause, hereditary, diet, obesity, age, no cure
,Secondary: less common, due to underlying cause, treatment of the underlying cause
Pre: pressure elevated but not yet in hypertensive range
Long-term Hypertension results in: -Answer heart failure, vascular disease, renal failure
and stroke. Heart must work harder to pump blood.
Hormone actions include - Answer change in plasma membrane permeability/membrane
potential
stimulation of synthesis of enzymes/proteins
activation/inactivation of enzymes
secretions
stimulation of mitosis
lymphatic capillaries - Answer anastomose between tissue, cells and blood capillaries,
more permeable than blood capillaries.
larger lymph vessels - Answer collecting vessels, trunks and ducts. have structures and
tunics similar to veins, except have thinner walls.
right lymph duct: in right upper arm, collects lymph from head and thorax
thoracic duct: collects lymph from rest of body
types of chemical messengers - Answer hormones: long distance chemical signals,
travel in blood and lymph
autocrines: chemicals that exert effects on same cells that secrete them
paracrines: locally acting chemicals that affect cells (not those that secrete them)
(autocrines and paracrines are local & not part of endocrine system)
Mechanism of direct gene activation - steroid hormones Answer The steroid hormones
diffuse into the target cell and bind with intracellular receptors. Thereceptor-hormone
complex enters the nucleus, where it binds to a specific region of DNA. It triggers DNA
to synthesize mRNA. mRNA dictates protein synthesis and increases metabolic
activities, which prepares proteins for export from the cell.
, PIP2- signaling mechanism amine hormones Answer involves G protein and
membrane-bound effector phospholipase C Phospholipase C splits PIP2 into 2 second
messengers, diacylglycerol DAG and inositol triphosphate IP3 DAG activates protein
kinase. IP3 causes Ca release Calcium ions act as second messengers and alter enzyme
activity
CAMP signalling mechanism amine hormones · An‐hormone binds to receptor, activates
G protein, G protein activates adenylate cyclase. · Adenylate cyclase converts ATP to
cAMP‐second messenger. · cAMP triggers protein kinases.
cAMP is rapidly degraded by the enzyme phosphodiesterase
adrenocorticotropic hormone · An‐hormone controls release of coticosteriods
· Stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids
· Regulation of release is triggered by corticotropin CRH‐releasing hor‐mone
· Fever, hypoglycemia and stress can alter release of CRH
oxytocin: strong stimulant of uterine contractions. Released during child birth. Helps
with milk ejection and also a feel-good hormone. From posterior pituitary. 9 amino acids
antidiuretic hormone Inhibits/prevents urine formation. Controls water in the body and
blood volume. Through filtration in the kidneys. Inhibited by alcohol.
endocrine system - works with nervous system to effect cells in the body through
hormones. take longer than nervous system, but effect lasts longer.
controls: reproduction, growth, electrolytes/water/nutrients, cellular metabolism/energy
and body defences
ductless
includes pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal,
pancreas, ovaries and testes glands.
humoural stimuli for hormones - changing levels of ions/nutrients directly stimulate the
secretion of hormones.
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