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PDB CEN Cardiovascular Review Exam Questions And Accurate Answers
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Cardiac output - Answer HR x SVPDB CEN Cardiovascular Review Exam Questions
And Accurate Answers
What does stroke volume depend on? - Answer Contractility
Preload
Afterload
What is preload (volume) estimated by on right? - Answer Central venous pressure
(CVP)
When is preload reduced? - Answer When hypovolemic & from vasodilators
When is preload increased? - Answer By volume & vasoconstrictors
Treatment to increase preload - Answer Fluids/blood
Treatment to reduce preload - Answer Diuretics, such as Lasix
On what does afterload depends? -Answer Systemic vascular resistance
When does afterload decreases? -Answer In distributive shocks-neurogenic, septic and
anaphylactic & by the use of vasodilators
Treatment to increase the afterload -Answer Vasopressors like norepinephrine
,When does afterload increase? -Answer In hypertension, aortic stenosis, and by other
shock compensation
Treatment to decrease the afterload -Answer Vasodilators like nitroglycerin
Sympathetic Nervous System Stimulation Releases What and What Does this Cause the
Body to Do? -Answer Catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine, which
increases heart rate in response to shock
Adrenal Gland Releases What and What Does it Do? -Answer Catecholamines, which
increases blood sugar through glycogenolysis
What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart? - Answer
Decreases HR, such as vagal response and neurogenic shock (blocks sympathetic
response)
Mean arterial pressure formula - Answer ((2 x DBP) + SBP) / 3
Pulse pressure (PP) formula - Answer SBP - DBP
Narrowed pulse pressure is seen at: - Answer Early shock
Widened pulse pressure is seen at: - Answer Increased ICP
What does Cushing Triad indicate? - Answer Increased ICP
What is Cushing Triad? - Answer Widened pulse pressure or increased SBP
Bradycardia
Irregular breathing pattern
, What do chronotropes affect? - Answer The heart rate at the SA node
What type of -trope is cardizem? - Answer A negative chronotrope
What do inotropes affect? - Answer Contractility of the heart (the force of the
contraction)
What type of drugs are dopamine and dobutamine? - Answer Positive inotropes
What do dromotropes affect? - Answer Automaticity of the heart at the AV node
(electrical impulses)
Beta blockers end in. - Answer -olol
What do Beta 1 beta-blockers affect? - Answer The heart
What do Beta 2 beta-blockers affect? - Answer The heart and lungs
What can beta blockers mask signs of? - Answer Shock and hypoglycemia
What does ACE inhibitors affect and what do they do? Ans The RAAS; they block
conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, which reduces BP
What are examples of ACE Inhibitors? Ans Lisinopril, Lotensin, Vasotec
What are adverse effects of ACE Inhibitors? Ans Dry nonproductive cough-most
common
Angioedema-most severe
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