,
,SAUNDERS Q&A REVIEW FOR
THE NCLEX-RN® EXAMINATION
EDITION 8
Linda Anne Silvestri, PhD, RN, FAAN
Nursing Instructor
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Las Vegas, Nevada
President
Nursing Reviews, Inc. and Professional Nursing Seminars, Inc.
Henderson, Nevada
Elsevier
Next Generation NCLEX® (NGN) Thought Leader
Angela Elizabeth Silvestri, PhD, APRN,
FNP-BC, CNE
Assistant Professor and BSN Program Director
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Las Vegas, Nevada
,President
Nurse Prep, LLC
Henderson, Nevada
Associate Editor
Linda Turchin, RN, MSN, CNE
Professor Emeritus
Nursing, Fairmont State University
Fairmont, West Virginia
,Elsevier
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
SAUNDERS Q&A REVIEW FOR THE NCLEX-RN® EXAMINATION, EIGHTH EDITION
ISBN: 978-0-323-67284-9
Copyright © 2021 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek
permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our
arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright
Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.
This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by
the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).
Notice
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described
herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent
verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law,
no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for any injury
and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or
otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas
contained in the material herein.
Previous editions copyrighted 2018, 2015, 2012, and 2009.
NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN®, and NCLEX-PN® are registered trademarks of the National Council
of State Boards of Nursing, Inc.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2020943684
Director of Content Strategy: Tamara Myers
Director of Content Development: Laurie Gower
Senior Content Development Specialist: Laura Goodrich
Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy
Senior Project Manager: Cindy Thoms
Senior Book Designer: Maggie Reid
,Printed in Canada
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
, In loving memory of my parents and Angela’s grandparents
ARNOLD LAWRENCE AND FRANCES MARY
Our memories of their love, support, and words of encouragement will remain in our hearts
forever!
and
To our many brave, courageous, and strong fellow nurses across the world who are at the
frontlines caring for so many people suffering with COVID-19—we thank you for protecting all
of us and we wish you safety at every moment. May your never-ending hope, strength,
courage, and bravery be an inspiration to all of us.
,About the Authors
Linda Anne Silvestri
(Photo by Laurent W. Valliere)
As a child, I always dreamed of becoming either a nurse or a teacher.
Initially I chose to become a nurse because I really wanted to help
others, especially those who were ill. Then I realized that both of my
,dreams could come true; I could be both a nurse and a teacher. So I
pursued my dreams.
I received my diploma in nursing at Cooley Dickinson Hospital
School of Nursing in Northampton, Massachusetts. Afterward, I
worked at Baystate Medical Center in Springfield, Massachusetts,
where I cared for clients in acute medical-surgical units, the intensive
care unit, the emergency department, pediatric units, and other acute
care units. Later, I received an associate degree from Holyoke
Community College in Holyoke, Massachusetts; my BSN from
American International College in Springfield, Massachusetts; and my
MSN from Anna Maria College in Paxton, Massachusetts, with a dual
major in Nursing Management and Patient Education. I received my
PhD in Nursing from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV)
and conducted research on self-efficacy and the predictors of NCLEX
success. In 2012, I received the UNLV School of Nursing Alumna of
the Year Award. I am a member of the Honor Society of Nursing,
Sigma Theta Tau International, Phi Kappa Phi, the Western Institute
of Nursing, the Eastern Nursing Research Society, the Golden Key
International Honour Society, the National League for Nursing, and
the America Nurses Association. Additionally, I am a Fellow in the
American Academy of Nursing.
As a native of Springfield, Massachusetts, I began my teaching
career as an instructor of medical-surgical nursing and leadership-
management nursing in 1981 at Baystate Medical Center School of
Nursing. In 1989, I relocated to Rhode Island and began teaching
advanced medical-surgical nursing and psychiatric nursing to RN and
LPN students at the Community College of Rhode Island. While
teaching there, a group of students approached me for assistance in
preparing for the NCLEX examination. I have always had a very
special interest in test success for nursing students because of my own
personal experiences with testing. Taking tests was never easy for me,
and as a student I needed to find methods and strategies that would
bring success. My own difficult experiences, desire, and dedication to
assist nursing students to overcome the obstacles associated with
testing inspired me to develop and write the many products that
, would foster success with testing. My experiences as a student,
nursing educator, and item writer for the NCLEX exams aided me as I
developed a comprehensive review course to prepare nursing
graduates for the NCLEX examination.
Later, in 1994, I began teaching medical-surgical nursing at Salve
Regina University in Newport, Rhode Island. I also prepared nursing
students at Salve Regina University for the NCLEX-RN examination.
Currently, I am a part-time nursing instructor at UNLV. I am the
President of Nursing Reviews, Inc., established in 2000, and
Professional Nursing Seminars, Inc., established in 1991. Both
companies are located in Henderson, Nevada and are dedicated to
helping nursing graduates achieve their goals of becoming registered
nurses, licensed practical/vocational nurses, or both.
Today, I am the successful author of numerous NCLEX review
products published by Elsevier. And, I also work with Elsevier as a
Thought Leader for the Next Generation NCLEX® (NGN). I am so
pleased that you have decided to join me on your journey to success
in testing for nursing examinations and for the NCLEX-RN
examination!
