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CIC Exam Study Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2025)
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CIC Exam Study Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2025)
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CIC Exam Study Questions and Answers(Latest Update 2025)
Type I error - Correct Answer ✅Rejecting null hypothesis
when it is true
Type II error - Correct Answer ✅failing to reject a false null
hypothesis
cohort study - Correct Answer ✅Follows a group of people
to track risk factors and outcomes overtime
Groups are defined regarding their EXPOSURE to a factor of
interest.
(perspective or longitudinal studies)
Followed-up to determine differences in rates at which
disease develops in relation to exposure.
Start with a sample of individuals with and without EXPOSURE
to a potential risk factors who are followed for incidence of
the outcome in each group. They can also be done
retrospectively. Cohort studies have less patient selection and
stronger evidence of causal association.
Yields incidence rates, relative risk, attributable risk
,CIC Exam Study Questions and Answers
(Latest Update 2025)
More EXPENSIVE
Case-control study - Correct Answer ✅Compares histories
of a group of people with a condition to a group of people
without the condition.
Begins with the identification of individuals who have the
OUTCOME of interest.
After case-control status is defined, exposures are assessed
and evaluated.
Good for studying rare outcomes or outcomes that develop
over a long time.
Determine if two groups differ in exposure.
(Case reference, case comparison. Or retrospective studies)
Examine the population of individuals with and without an
outcome of interest, study for exposure to one or more risk
factors. The studies are quicker, less expensive, and easier.
Generally yields only estimate of relative risk (odds ratio).
,CIC Exam Study Questions and Answers
(Latest Update 2025)
Example: Foodborne illness investigations
cross-sectional study - Correct Answer ✅Assesses the
prevalence of an outcome in a broad population at one point
in time.
Provide a "snapshot" of a population at a moment in time.
Point Prevalence.
(Prevalence, correlation or survey studies)
Exam in the outcome and risk factors reviewed in a
population group at one point in time. In the studies the
outcomes are measured the incidence rate cannot be
determined.
case reports/series - Correct Answer ✅Detailed history of a
small number of individual cases
quasi-experiment - Correct Answer ✅Non-randomly
assigned groups of patients to receive either a treatment or
placebo
, CIC Exam Study Questions and Answers
(Latest Update 2025)
Randomized-controlled trial - Correct Answer ✅Randomly
selects a group of patients to receive a treatment and
Another to receive placebo
systematic review and meta-analysis - Correct Answer
✅Collects all previous studies on the topic and statistically
combined their results
Sensitivity - Correct Answer ✅The ability of a test to detect
ALL TRUE cases of the disease.
= (Number of true-positive results) / (the number of true-
positive + false-negative results)
High sensitivity = High False Positives.
High sensitivity = TRUE NEGATIVES. You will not have any
false negative tests.
Specificity - Correct Answer ✅The ability of a test to
correctly identify a negative result.
= (Number of true-Negative results) + (Number of False-
Positive results)
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