Exam (elaborations)
Family Med ENOT/Opthalmology
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Family Med ENOT/Opthalmology Family Med ENOT/Opthalmology Family Med ENOT/Opthalmology
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Family Med ENOT/OpthalmologyDefine hyphema - ANS Visible layering of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye
What is the indications for admission with hyphema? - ANS Greater than 50% occlusion of anterior
chamber, patients with bleeding or clotting disorders, increased IOP or patients with sickle cell
hemoglobinopathy
Define ectropion - ANS Eyelid and lashes are turned outward (everted)
What is the management of ectropion? - ANS Lubricating eye drops and moisture shields, surgical
correction if needed
Define entropion - ANS Eyelid and lashes are turned inward (inverted)
What is the management of entropion? - ANS Lubricating eye drops and moisture shields for symptom
relief, surgical correction if needed
Define dacrocystitis - ANS Infection of the lacrimal sac
What is the MCC of dacrocystitis? - ANS S. aureus
What is the management of dacrocystitis? - ANS Warm compresses + systemic antibiotics (clindamycin
or vanco + ceftriaxone)
Define blepharitis - ANS Inflammation of the eyelid margin
What is the MCC of blepharitis? - ANS Posterior: Meibomian gland dysfunction. Most common type.
, Anterior: Infectious (s.aureus) or seborrheic
What is the treatment of blepharitis? - ANS Warm compresses, irrigation, lid massage, and topical
antibiotics for flare-ups
What is the MCC of hordeolum? - ANS S.aureaus
What is the treatment of hordeolum? - ANS Warm compresses, I&D if no spontaneous drainage, may
add topical abx
Define chalazion - ANS Painless indurated granulomatous inflammation of the internal meibomian
sebaceous gland
What is the treatment of chalazion? - ANS Warm compresses, and eyelid hygiene. Injection of
corticosteroid or incision + curettage may be necessary for a large chalazion that is affecting vision
Define pterygium - ANS Slow-growing thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that may extend onto the
corneal surface
What is the treatment for pterygium? - ANS Observation. Excision if it interferes with
vision...reoccurrence is common
What is the MCC of permanent legal blindness and vision loss in older adults in the US? - ANS Age-
related macular degeneration
What is the MC type of age-related macular degeneration? - ANS Dry (atrophic, geographic)
What are the clinical manifestations of age-related macular degeneration? - ANS Bilateral, progressive
central vision loss (including detailed and colored vision). Metamorphopsia (straight lines appear bent)
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