CANDY WEEK 3 (COVER TEST, GRAPH
ANALYSIS, STRABISMUS
TYPES/SURGERY) FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
1. heterophoria/heterotropia
2. Eso/exo/hyper deviation
3. How big is the deviation?
4. Is it same at distance and near?
5. Unilateral or alternating strabismus
6. constant or intermittant? - Answer-what are the 6 goals of cover test?
unilateral - Answer-to differentiate between heterophoria and heterotropia, use
(unilateral/alternating) cover test
heterophoria - Answer-(heterophoria/heterotropia) latent deviation - it is not present in
full binocular viewing. It only appears in monocular viewing.
heterotropia - Answer-(heterophoria/heterotropia) is present in both binocular and
monocular viewing.
T - Answer-T/F: to determine direction of deviation, you can use either the unilateral or
alternating cover test
alternating - Answer-to determine how big a deviation is, you should use
(unilateral/alternating) cover test
unilateral - Answer-in (unilateral/alternating) strabismus, only one eye fixates, so when
the paddle is removed the good eye will pick up fixation, bad eye never holds fixation
with bilateral viewing
alternating - Answer-in (unilateral/alternating) strabismus, the patient can fixate with
either eye
constant - Answer-(constant/intermittant) strabismus will always respond the same to a
cover test
intermittant - Answer-(constant/intermittant) strabismus will look like a heterophoria at
times, but break down to a heterotropia after long period of dissociated conditions, can
be unstable if you have not controlled the patient's accommodation very well
, unilateral - Answer-(unilateral/alternating) cover test consists of periods of binocular and
monocular alignment. It allows you to determine your patient's alignment in binocular
conditions (i.e. whether they have strabismus or not).
alternating - Answer-(unilateral/alternating) cover test only provides monocular
stimulation and therefore you do not know the patient's alignment in binocular conditions
(whether they are strabismic or not) → measures AMOUNT
T (must be long enough to dissociate the eyes) - Answer-T/F: 2 slow covers are better
than 25 fast covers
accommodation, vergence - Answer-Graphical analysis of the zone of clear and single
binocular vision is used to interpret tests of __________ and _________
vergence, accommodation - Answer-On the ZCSBV graph, the x axis represents
_________ and the y axis represents _________
demand line - Answer-The __________ __________represents the accommodative
and vergence demands for targets placed at different viewing distances
phoria line - Answer-alignment when one eye is occluded and fusional vergence has
been prevented
dissociated phoria - Answer-the difference between the demand line and the phoria line
AC/A ratio - Answer-The reciprocal of the slope of this phoria line is considered what?
accommodative amplitude (AA) - Answer-The limit at the top of ZCSBV is limited by
what?
base out limit - Answer-To find the ______ _______ ______ you must add BO prisms
until the patient is unable to hold fusion (become relatively exo to target)
base in limit - Answer-To find the ______ _______ ______ you must add BI prisms until
the patient is unable to hold fusion (become relatively eso to target)
relative fusional vergence - Answer-The base out and base in limits are referred to as
the limits of fusional vergence blur, break and recovery. These represent the positive
and negative _________ _______ _______ ranges.
vergence range testing - Answer-Fusional vergence limits can be quantified using what?
This tests intrduces prisms to assess alignment during fusion.
zone of clear single binocular vision. (ZCSBV) - Answer-the region in which you can
maintain single vision
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