Exam (elaborations)
PN 130 EXAM 4 CHAPTERS 16,18,20,27 29
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PN 130 EXAM 4 CHAPTERS 16,18,20,27 29...
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Body Fluids:Water (makes up to 75% of a person's body)
Chemicals (Electrolytes)
-hold a charge (+ or -)
Blood cells
Non-electrolytes (do NOT hold a charge)
ex: glucose
Sources of water:
Drinking liquids
Consuming food
Metabolizing nutrients
IV fluids
Rd More
Fluid Compartments:
Intracellular (ICF)- fluid INSIDE cells
Extracellular (ECF)- fluid OUTSIDE of cells
-Interstitial- fluid within tissue
-Intravascular- fluid within blood vessels
(ex: blood, plasma, serum)
EXTRAcellular= EXTRA information!
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
All fluids WITHIN cells
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
All fluid OUTSIDE of cells
,Divided into smaller compartments:
Interstitial
Intravascular
Interstitial
Fluid IN the tissue space between & around cells
Intravascular fluid
Fluid WITHIN blood vessels
(the watery plasma, or serum, portion of blood)
Electrolytes
An element or compound which will separate into an electrically charged
ion
Ions
Substances that carry either a positive or negative electrical charge
Cations
Electrolytes with a POSITIVE charge
Anions
Electrolytes with a NEGATIVE charge
Average circulating volume of blood:
5L
3L of plasma (fluid) + 2L of blood cells
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
-carry oxygen
Leukocytes
White blood cells
-defend the immune system
Platelet
Thrombocytes
-clot the blood
Assessment tool for fluid volume:
Intake & Output
Intake & Output
A record of the patient's fluid intake & fluid loss over 24 hours
, Fluid Volume Assessment: INPUT
All the liquids a patient drinks
Foods that are a liquid by the time they are swallowed (ex: Jell-O; ice
cream; thin, cooked cereal)
Fluid instillations, such as those administered through feeding tubes or
tube irrigations
Ice chips
Fluid infusion, such as IV solutions
Fluid Volume Assessment: OUTPUT
Urine
Emesis (vomitus)
Blood loss
Diarrhea
Wound or tube drainage
Aspiration irrigations
Fluid imbalances
A condition in which the water content of the body is not in the proper
balance or location within the body
Can be life threatening
Hypovolemia
Hypervolemia
Third Spacing
Hypovol
Low volume of extracellular fluid
May result in dehydration
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