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NURS549 Final Exam Study Guide Solutions

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  • NURS 2024/2025
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  • NURS 2024/2025

NURS549 Final Exam Study Guide Solutions 2 Monoclonal immunosuppressive Antibody Drugs - Ans:-Daclizumab(zenapax)- Reduces activated T- cell numbers and activities by binding to interlukin Muromonab(orthoclone)-Binds to CD3 receptors on T cells and disrupts function. Depletes circulating T cel...

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  • October 24, 2024
  • 53
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NURS 2024/2025
  • NURS 2024/2025
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NURS549 Final Exam Study Guide
Solutions


2 Monoclonal immunosuppressive Antibody Drugs - Ans:✔✔-Daclizumab(zenapax)- Reduces activated T-

cell numbers and activities by binding to interlukin


Muromonab(orthoclone)-Binds to CD3 receptors on T cells and disrupts function. Depletes circulating T

cells


Monoclonal Antibody drug MOA - Ans:✔✔-Clinical application is in TARGETING T-CELLS AS ANTIGENS,

tagging them for attack, disrupting T-Cell ( Cell Mediated Immunity ) function and ultimately providing

immunosuppression


Cloned from Bcells


used for transplant rejection


2 antimetabolite drugs for immunosupressant - Ans:✔✔-Azothioprine ( Imuran)- Purine analog

LYMPHOCYTES ( T-CELLS & B-CELLS) ARE PREDOMINATELY AFFECTED BY THE CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF

AZATHIOPRINE.!!!!!!! , and this gives immunosupression




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FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




Mycophenolate ( Cellcept)- It inhibits the enzyme ( inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase) that

controls the rate of synthesis of the nucleotide ..Guanine MonoPhosphate (GMP)


Antimetabolite MOA - Ans:✔✔-( Purine Analogues) are drugs that mimic the structure of metabolic

purines, and do not allow synthesis of DNA.


T-Cells and B-Cells, are rapidly proliferating cells and are cells that are particularly affected by the

inhibition of purine synthesis.


T-Cell and B-Cell production is inhibited and Immunosuppression is accomplished.!!!!!!


generally used in combination with corticosteroids and the Inhibitors of Cytokine Production


2 Selective Cytokine production inhibitors - Ans:✔✔-Cyclosporine ( Neoral, Sandimmune)-Cyclosporine

complex that binds to the calcineurin does not allow the normal dephosphorylating of the NFATs to

occur, and therefore, they CANNOT enter the nucleus and promote the cytokine synthesis


Tacrolimus ( Prograf )-exerts its immunosuppressive effect in the same manner as cyclosporine, except it

binds to a different immunophilin in the T-Cell


lowers the risk of organ rejection!!!!!


Selective Cytokine production inhibitor MOA - Ans:✔✔-They both enter the cell....form complexes within

the cell that ultimately inhibit the production of cytokines...specifically Interleukin-2




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Cold versus Flu onset symptoms - Ans:✔✔-Flu-Sudden chills, severe cough, aches,fatigue, fever 3-4days,

headache


Cold- Gradual, sneezing sore throat common, rarely get a fever ,headache or chills


Viral Neuraminidase - Ans:✔✔-an enzyme found on the surface of influenza viruses that enables the

virus to be released from the host cell after replication


Neraminidase inhibitors - Ans:✔✔-Oseltamivir ( Tamiflu)


Zanamivir ( Relenza)


MOA- Both prevent new viral particles from being released by the infected host cell by serving as a

competitive inhibitor of the enzyme,


nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors - Ans:✔✔-It is an ANALOG or 'FAULTY VERSION' of

DNA building blocks which is wrongly used by reverse transcriptase to convert RNA to DNA.When the

reverse transcriptase uses these faulty building blocks, the new DNA cannot be built correctly, and new

viral cells are prevented from being produced.


Inhibits both Hepatitis B Virus and (in a lower doses) HIV Virus Reverse Transcriptase which is used by

the viruses in their replication process. ( note exclusion of Hepatitis C Virus)


NARTI drugs - Ans:✔✔-Tenofovir ( Viread) - for CHB


Lamivudine( Epivir )- for CHB

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excludes Hep C


Interferon free antiviral drugs - Ans:✔✔-Viekira Pak-Ombitasvir - is a NS5A inhibitor with potent

pangenotypic picomolar antiviral activity. ( a zinc-binding and proline-rich hydrophilic phosphoprotein

that plays a key role in Hepatitis C virus RNA replication)


Paritaprevir - is an inhibitor of the NS3/4A serine protease. (The NS3/4A serine protease is required for

self-cleavage during viral replication, but may also inhibit activation of interferon signalling pathways in

infected cells )


Dasabuvir - non-nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitor. ( has the key function of replicating the HCV's

viral RNA )




Sofosbuvir - ( Solvadi )


Ledipasvir + Sofosbuvir ( Harvoni )


Simeprevir ( Olysio)


Daclatasvir ( Daklinza )


90% cure rate



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