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NUR968: Central Nervous System Exam Practice Questions and Answers

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  • NUR 2024/2025

NUR968: Central Nervous System Exam Practice Questions and Answers True or false: Like the autonomic nervous system, there are several different neurotransmitters that communicate between neurons in the central nervous system. These neurotransmitters can be classified in a variety of ways - Ans...

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  • October 24, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • NUR 2024/2025
  • NUR 2024/2025
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NUR968: Central Nervous System Exam
Practice Questions and Answers

True or false: Like the autonomic nervous system, there are several different neurotransmitters that

communicate between neurons in the central nervous system. These neurotransmitters can be classified

in a variety of ways - Ans:✔✔-True


What are the amino acid-type CNS neurotransmitters? (4) - Ans:✔✔-1. Glutamate - Excitatory


2. Aspartate - Excitatory


3. Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) - Inhibitory


4. Glycine - Inhibitory


What do the amino acid type CNS neurotransmitters contain? - Ans:✔✔-A NH3 structure


Excitatory Neurotransmitter




1. Opening of __ channels




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2. Movement of RMP __ to threshold


3. Interior of the cell is more __ - Ans:✔✔-1. Opening of CATION channels


2. Movement of RMP CLOSER to threshold


3. Interior of the cell is more POSITIVE


Inhibitory Neurotransmitter




1. Opening of __ channels


2. Movement of RMP __ from threshold


3. Interior of the cell is more __ - Ans:✔✔-1. Opening of ANION channels


2. Movement of RMP FARTHER AWAY from threshold


3. Interior of the cell is more NEGATIVE


Glutamate is the MAJOR excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Where it it found?

(2) - Ans:✔✔-1. Brain


2. Spinal cord




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When glutamate is released from the pre-synaptic neuron, it can attach to several receptors. What are 2

of them? (2) - Ans:✔✔-1. α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)


2. N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA)


α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) is a __-gated channel - Ans:✔✔-Ligand-

gated


AMPA




What happens when glutamate attaches? (2) - Ans:✔✔-1. The channel opens


2. The channel is non-selective & will allow both sodium & potassium to move down their concentration

gradient (Na+ in; K+ out)


True or false: Glutamate (gone wrong) stimulation of AMPA is implicated as a mechanism in seizures -

Ans:✔✔-True


What must happen for the NMDA receptor to open? (2) - Ans:✔✔-1. BOTH glycine & glutamate must

attach to their receptors


2. AND the magnesium plug (located in the channel) must dislodge & leave




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Is the NMDA channel selective or non-selective? What does this allow for? - Ans:✔✔-Non-selective &

will allow cation movement (calcium, sodium & potassium)


True or false: Studies show that intracellular calcium has both positive & negative effects - Ans:✔✔-True


What is the positive effect of intracellular calcium? - Ans:✔✔-Intracellular pathways (intracellular second

messenger systems) that are initiated by calcium are responsible for SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY




-A fancy term that means forming memory & learning


What is the negative effect of intracellular calcium? - Ans:✔✔-When there is excessive amounts of

glutamate, the massive increase in intracellular calcium promotes LYSOSOME ACTIVITY & can trigger

both necrotic & apoptotic cell death


So which electrolyte is a player in extension of ischemic cell death? - Ans:✔✔-Calcium


True or false: NMDA dysfunction has been implicated in many diseases - Ans:✔✔-True


Glutamate is released with noxious surgical pain & neuropathic pain. Thus, blocking glutamate is

implicated in pain management. Which medication does this? - Ans:✔✔-Ketamine




-Blocks glutamate attachment

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