Which statement is true? - ANSWERSOld world monkeys are more closely related to humans than to new world monkeys.
Which statements regarding human and chimpanzee genetics are true? - ANSWERS-Humans have 2 less chromosomes than other apes as a result of a chromosomal fusion
-Humans and chimpanze...
EVOLUTION EXAM 4 (ALMOST DONE!!)
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Which statement is true? - ANSWERSOld world monkeys are more closely related to
humans than to new world monkeys.
Which statements regarding human and chimpanzee genetics are true? - ANSWERS-
Humans have 2 less chromosomes than other apes as a result of a chromosomal fusion
-Humans and chimpanzees differ by approximately 6% in their protein-coding DNA
sequences if insertions and deletions are considered
Which statements regarding human brain development are true? - ANSWERS-The
Ecological Brain Hypothesis suggests that human brains increased due to the result of
living in complex environments
-Their are costs to growing and supporting a larger brain which likely indicates that
fitness advantage to such a trait is high
You are fascinated with hominin evolution and want to study the rich hominin fossil
record in East Africa. You are presented with five skulls and need to order the skulls in a
sequence from most anciently diverged to most recently evolved. Which sequence is
correct? - ANSWERSSahelanthropus, Ardipithecus, Australopithecus, Homo habilis,
Homo sapiens
As a researcher you compare DNA sequences among modern human populations and
discover that their divergence time estimates range from 10,000-100,000 years. Which
hypothesis is better supported by your results? - ANSWERSOut-of-Africa Hypothesis
The following figure from CogBooks shows the five mass extinctions in Earth's history
(the five red points) compared to the historic background extinction rate (blue line) and
other past extinctions (blue points). For our purposes, the background extinction rate is
where the blue line meets the y-axis. In other words, we can say that ~5 taxonomic
families have historically gone extinct every 1 million years.
Some conservation biologists say we are now facing a sixth mass extinction, since
extinction rates have increased to 100-1000 times the background extinction rate. Given
this information, approximately where should the sixth mass extinction rate line intersect
with the y-axis? - ANSWERSThe extinction rate is so high, it goes off the chart
Which of the following is an example of de-extinction? - ANSWERSSuccessfully
producing a viable clone of the extinct Steller's sea cow by implanting an embryo
derived from frozen DNA samples into a closely related manatee species.
, Which of the following organisms would be the best possible candidate for de-extinction,
based on current technology and assuming specimens are well-preserved? -
ANSWERSWooly Mammoth- lived ~100,000 years ago
Which traits of humans is not shared by the LUCA? - ANSWERSEukaryotic cell
structure
You extract DNA from human bones in an ancient village buried by volcanic ash. You
discover that there is an extremely high frequency of the LCT allele for lactase
persistence. What might you conclude about the population? - ANSWERSThe members
of this population likely used domesticated livestock for their milk.
According to the figure, which organism is the closest living relative to humans? -
ANSWERSBonobos and chimpanzees, equally
Which genera is likely the most recent ancestor of the genus Homo? -
ANSWERSAustralopithecus
Which statement best explains why modern Europeans, Asians, or Africans lack
Denisovans DNA in their genome? - ANSWERSDenisovans interbred only with the
population whose ancestors are Melanesians
Which piece of evidence does not support the theory of recent (ca. 200,000 years ago)
African origin of humans? - ANSWERSLinkage disequilibrium of nuclear genes gets
progressively lower as one measures populations farther from Africa.
Why do scientists reject the use of evolution and genetics to support racists' ideologies?
- ANSWERS-The concept of race is largely useless in a biological context and is really
a social myth
-It is factually incorrect to claim that some populations are "higher", "superior", or "more
evolved" than others
-Studies of human genetics show that the majority of genetic variation is within
populations, not among populations
-Scientific racism is a pseudoscience that begins with a conclusion and misuses data to
support it
The field of evolutionary psychology seeks to understand ___ - ANSWERSHow
behaviors function as adaptive modules in humans
There has been natural selection on humans to spend a lot of effort and resources on
caring for our children. This implies that ___ - ANSWERSThe fact that we have evolved
to care for our children says nothing about whether that behavior is good or bad
What is the theory for the evolution of anxiety disorders. - ANSWERSAs a result of an
evolutionary cost/benefit analysis of anxiety
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