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NSG 353 Exam 2 Midterm Test Questions And 100% Correct Answers.

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T/F Adrenergic receptors are located in all organs regulated by the sympathetic nervous system - Answer True T/F Selectivity is relative and the ability of a drug to activate certain receptors depends on the amount of drug administered - Answer True; Low or therapeutic dose =selectivity ...

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  • October 24, 2024
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  • NSG 353
  • NSG 353
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COCOSOLUTIONS
NSG 353 Exam 2 Midterm Test Questions
And 100% Correct Answers.
T/F Adrenergic receptors are located in all organs regulated by the sympathetic nervous system - Answer
True



T/F Selectivity is relative and the ability of a drug to activate certain receptors depends on the amount of
drug administered - Answer True;

Low or therapeutic dose =selectivity increased

As dosage of the drug increases = selectivity declines



alpha 1 adrenergic receptors - Answer Smooth muscle contraction



-Contraction of radial muscle in iris causes mydriasis

-Arterioles (skin, viscera, mucous membranes) and veins constrict

-Male sex organs ejaculate

-Prostatic capsule and bladder contract



alpha 2 adrenergic receptors - Answer Neurotransmitter inhibition



Presynaptic nerve terminals are inhibited of transmitter release



beta 1 adrenergic receptors - Answer Increased rate and force of contraction



Heart has increased rate, force of contraction, and AV conduction velocity



Kidneys release renin

,beta 2 adrenergic receptors - Answer Smooth muscle relaxation



-Arterioles (heart, lung, skeletal muscle) dilation

-Bronchi dilation

-Uterus relaxation

-Liver glycogenolysis

-Skeletal muscle enhanced contraction and glycogenolysis



What are the mechanisms of adrenergic receptor activation? - Answer (1) Direct receptor binding

(2) Promotion of NE release

(3) Inhibition of NE reuptake

(4) Inhibition of NE inactivation



Direct receptor binding - Answer -Most common



-Directly acts on receptor by binding to it and activating it



-Mimics actions of natural transmitters (NE, epinephrine, dopamine, etc.)



Promotion of NE release - Answer -Acts on terminal nerves to cause NE release



-Indirect activation



Inhibition of NE reuptake - Answer -Blocks reuptake of NE into the presynaptic nerve terminal



-Causes NE to accumulate within the synaptic gap



-Indirect activation

,Inhibition of NE inactivation - Answer -Inhibits the inactivation by inhibiting MOA (monoamine oxidase)



-Indirect activation by increasing NE present



Catecholamines - Answer -Cannot be taken orally

(destroyed by enzymes in liver and intestinal lining)



-Brief duration of action (short half-life)



-Cannot cross BBB (highly polar molecules)



-Ex: Epinephrine



Noncatecholamines - Answer -Can be taken orally



-Longer duration of action



-Can cross BBB (less polarized molecules)



therapeutic applications of alpha 1 - Answer Vasoconstriction (skin, viscera, mucous membranes)

-Hemostasis

-Nasal decongestion

-Adjunct for local anesthesia

-Elevation of BP



Mydriasis

-Dilation of pupil for ocular surgery or exam



adverse effects of alpha 1 - Answer -Hypertension

, -Necrosis

-Bradycardia



therapeutic applications of beta 1 - Answer -Heart failure

-Shock

-Atrioventricular heart block

-Cardiac arrest



T/F Alpha 2 has little clinical significance in PNS - Answer True



adverse effects of beta 1 - Answer -Altered heart rate or rhythm (dysrhythmia)

-Angina pectoris



therapeutic applications of beta 2 - Answer -Asthma

-Delay of preterm labor



adverse effects of beta 2 - Answer -Hyperglycemia

-Tremors



Anaphylactic shock - Answer Manifestation of severe allergy via:

-Hypotension (vasodilation)

-Bronchoconstriction

-Edema of glottis



treatment of anaphylactic shock - Answer Treatment: EPINEPHRINE



Alpha 1- vasoconstriction for increased BP and decreased edema



Beta 1- increases cardiac output to increase BP

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