NUR 202 Module E Exam Questions with Complete Solutions
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Course
NUR 202
Institution
NUR 202
Explain the functions of the kidney. - Answer-1. Filtration
2. Fluid balance (ADH and Aldosterone)
3. Erythropoietin production when sats are low
4. Acid/base balance (use of Bicarb)
5. Bone health (conversion of vitamin D to active form)
6. Blood pressure regulation (RAAS)
Explain the diff...
NUR 202 Module E Exam Questions with
Complete Solutions
Explain the functions of the kidney. - Answer-1. Filtration
2. Fluid balance (ADH and Aldosterone)
3. Erythropoietin production when sats are low
4. Acid/base balance (use of Bicarb)
5. Bone health (conversion of vitamin D to active form)
6. Blood pressure regulation (RAAS)
Explain the different kinds of incontinence. - Answer-Stress- involuntary loss r/t
incompetent sphincter
Urge- "gotta go and I have to go now" r/t overactive detrusor muscle, contracts before
it's supposed to
Mixed- Urge and stress
Overflow= r/t obstruction, urine leaks AROUND obstruction
Incomplete= does not empty all the way
Functional= R/t something outside the kidney (i.e. immobility, AMS)
Transient= involuntary loss of urine that comes and goes with various conditions
(severe constipation, pregnancy)
Explain medications used to treat incontinence. - Answer-Hormones= estrogen; may
increase blood flow and nerve conduction to the urinary tract
Alpha adrenergic agonists= increases contractile force of sphincter, increased
resistance to urine outflow (Midodrine)
Beta 3 Agonists= Relax detrusor muscle to increase badder capacity and urine storage
(Mirabegron)
Antidepressants= Increase norepi and serotonin which is thought to strengthen the
urinary sphincter (Imipramine, Amitriptyline)
Explain bladder training. - Answer-For pt's who are A/O
, Assess pt's CURRENT voiding patterns (i.e. 45 min intervals between peeing) and
consistently increase intervals between urination by 15 minutes
Goal is to increase intervals to Q 3-4
If incontinent, reduce intervals by 15 min
Explain habit training. - Answer-FOR COGNITIVELY IMPAIRED
Offer bedpan or toilet every 2 hours (Adjusted schedule for each pt)
If incontinent, reduce intervals by 30 min until continent
Explain factors that contribute to UTI's and why. - Answer-Obstruction prevents
complete emptying, creating a continuous pool of urine where bacteria grow.
Stones can cause obstruction and their rough surface causes mucosal damage,
creating an ideal spot for bacteria to grow.
Diabetes mellitus results in excess glucose in the blood, which provides a rich medium
for bacterial growth.
Females may use douches, diaphragms, or washes that can inflame tissue and
contribute to colonization. May also experience bladder displacement during preg.
Proximity of urethra to anus increases susceptibility to colonization.
Males may experience and increase in prostate size which can produce urinary stasis.
Aging can cause urinary stasis from enlarged prostate in men and cystoceles or
prolapse in women. Use of certain drugs in older adults may delay bladder emptying.
Sexual activity is the strongest risk factor for an uncomplicated cystitis. Bacteria can be
introduced to the urethra during sex.
Use of ABX can change immunity and normal flora, which creates an opportunity for
bacteria overgrowth.
What are the hallmark s/s of a UTI? - Answer-Frequency, dysuria, and urgency
What is the best way to prevent CAUTI's? - Answer-Strict attention to sterile technique
What is pyuria? - Answer-WBC's in the urine
List at least 5 drugs that may be used to treat a UTI. - Answer-Fluconazole,
Nitrofurantoin, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, Amoxicillin
What is the most common cause of infectious urethritis? - Answer-Sexually Transmitted
Infections
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