Exam 4 Final Exam study Guide - NUR
202 Questions with Correct Answers
What is substance use disorder (SUD)? - Answer-a substance use disorder (SUD), also
known as a drug use disorder, is a medical condition in which the use of one or more
substances leads to a clinically significant impairment or distress. Substance use
disorders are characterized by an array of mental, physical and behavioral symptoms
that may cause problems related to loss of control, strain to one's interpersonal life,
hazardous use, tolerance, and withdrawal.
Why do people take drugs? - Answer-To feel good: drugs can produce intense feelings
of pleasure. this initial euphoria is followed by other effects, which differ with drug used.
For example, with stimulants such as cocaine, the high its followed by feelings of power,
self confidence and increased energy. In contrast, the euphoria caused by opioids such
as heron is followed by feelings of relaxation and satisfaction
To feel better: Some people who suffer from social anxiety, stress, or depression start
using drugs to try to feel less anxious. Stress can play a major role in starting and
continuing drug use as well as relapse (return of drug use) in patients recovering from
addiction
To do better: some people feel pressure to improve their focus in school, at work or their
abilities in sports. this can play a role in trying or continuing to use drugs, such as
prescription stimulants or cocaine
Curiosity and social pressure: Teens are particularly at risk because peer pressure can
be very strong. Teens are more likely than adults to act in risky ways to impress their
friends and show independence from parents and social rules
What are the symptoms of substance use disorder? - Answer-Feeling that you must use
the drug regularly - daily or even several times a day
Intense urges for the drug that block out any other thoughts
Over time, needing more of the drug to get the same effect
Taking larger amounts of the drug, even though you can't afford it
Not meeting, obligations/responsibilities, or cutting back o social or recreational
activities
using the drug even though you know its causing problems in your life, or
physical/psychological harm
Doing things to get the drug that you normally wouldn't do, such as stealing
Driving or doing other risky activities when you're under the influence of the drug
spending a lot of time getting, using or recovering from the effects of the drug
Failing in your attempts to stop using the drug
Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when you attempt to stop taking the drug
,What is addiction? - Answer-Addiction is defined as a compulsive, uncontrollable
dependence on a substance, behavior, or practice to such a degree that cessation
causes severe emotional, mental or physical reactions.
Why do some people become addicted to drugs while others don't? - Answer-Biology:
The genes that people are born with account for about half of a person's risk for
addiction. Gender, ethnicity, and the presence of other mental disorders may also
influence risk for drug use and addiction
Environment: This includes many different influences, from family and friends to
economic status and general quality of life. Factors such as peer pressure, physical and
sexual abuse, early exposure to drugs, stress, and parental guidance can greatly affect
a person's likelihood of drug use and addiction
Development: Genetic and environmental factors interact with critical stages of
development to affect addiction risk. Taking drugs at any age can lead to addiction, but
the earlier drug use begins, the more likely it will progress to addiction. This is
particularly problematic for teens. Because brain areas that control decision-making,
judgement and self control are still developing, teens may be especially prone to risky
behaviors, including trying drugs
What is tolerance? - Answer-using increasing amounts of a substance over time to
achieve the same effect and a markedly diminished effect occurs with continued use
What is withdrawal? - Answer-symptoms develop when a substance is discontinued
abruptly after frequent, heavy, and prolonged substance use
Symptoms (anxiety, irritability, restlessness, insomnia, fatigue) differ and are specific to
each substance (tobacco, cocaine, alcohol...)
What is intoxication? - Answer-symptoms are drug specific
Recent overuse/excessive use of a substance, such as an acute alcohol intoxication,
that results in a reversible substance-specific syndrome
Judgement is impaired
- inappropriate and maladaptive behavior
- impaired social and occupational functioning
CNS changes occur, disruption in physiological and psychological functioning
Alcohol
- Physiological (slurring of speech, poor coordination, impaired memory, stupor, or
coma)
- behavioral (inappropriate behavior)
Can happen with one time use of substance
What are the common drugs of abuse? - Answer-tobacco
alcohol
stimulants
depressants
,cannabis
What is alcohol use disorder? - Answer-Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic
relapsing brain disease characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol
use despite adverse social, occupational or health consequences. AUD can range from
mild to severe, and recovery is possible regardless of severity.
What are the alcohol use disorder facts and statistics in the US? - Answer-Adults (ages
18+): 16.3 million adults age 18 and older had an AUD in 2014. This includes 10.6
million men and 5.7 million women.
- 3 in 10 US adults drink at levels that increase their risk for severe health problems
Youth (ages 12-17): in 2014, an estimates 679,000 adolescents ages 12-17 had an
AUD. This number includes 367,000 females and 311,000 males
What are the current statistics of on alcohol use? - Answer-2015-current use in the US
- 6.2% have alcohol use disorder
- Peak consumption - 21-25 years: 69.2% (National Survey and Drug Use Health,
2012)
- 71% drank gin the past year, 56% drank in the past month
- 27% binge drink (>5 drinks for men/>4 drinks for women and over 65) ion the last
month
- 7.1% "heavy drinkers" NIAA 2012
What are the statistics on alcohol related deaths? - Answer-Nearly 88,000 die from
alcohol-related causes annually, making alcohol the fourth leading PREVENTABLE
cause of death in the United States
In 2014, alcohol-impaired driving fatalities accounted for 9,967 deaths (31 percent of
overall driving fatalities)
What is a standard drink? - Answer-12 fl oz of regular beer
8-9 fl oz of malt liquor
5 fl oz of table wine
1.5 fl oz shot of 80-proof distilled spirits
What is considered moderate alcohol consumption? - Answer-Moderate alcohol
consumption:
According to the "Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020," U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture, moderate drinking is
use to 1 drink per day for women and up to 2 drinks per day for men
What is considered heavy drinking? - Answer-Heavy Drinking:
SAMHSA defines heavy drinking as drinking 5 or more drinks on the same occasion on
each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days
Describe blood alcohol concentration. - Answer-Blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 or
greater indicates intoxication
, KY DUI 0.02 or greater for under age 21 years
Increase tolerance might result in a patient being able to tolerate a higher BAC while
exhibiting fewer symptoms
What is binge drinking? - Answer-Binge drinking is a pattern of drinking that brings
blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels to 0.08g/dL. This typically occurs after 4 drinks
for women and 5 drinks for men - in about 2 hours
The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), which
conducts the annual National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), defines binge
drinking as 5 or more alcoholic drinks for males and 4 or more alcoholic drinks for
females on the same occasion (i.e. at the same time or within a couple of hours of each
other) or at least 1 day in the past month
How does alcohol effect the body? - Answer-Drinking too much - on a single occasion
or over time can take a serious toil on your health
- Brain
- Heart
- Liver
- Pancreas
Drinking too much alcohol can increase your risk of developing certain cancers,
including cancers of the mouth, esophagus, throat, liver and breast
Drinking too much can weaken your immune system, making your body a much easier
target for disease
What are the screening tools for alcoholism? - Answer-Numerous screening instruments
can detect alcohol misuse in adults with acceptable sensitivity and specificity
- SBIRT
- Audit
- CAGE
Describe SBIRT in action - Answer-- raise the subject of alcohol screening
- build rapport
- ask permission to discuss alcohol use
- conduct the screening
- patient discusses pros and cons; nurse summarizes
- nurse provides information and patient gives feedback
- discuss and interpret the score from the screening tool (AUDIIT, CRAFFT)
- determine motivation to change using readiness, confidence and importance rulers
with 1-10 scales
- negotiate an action plan
- identify strengths and barriers to the plan
- offer appropriate education, resources/referral
- thank the patient
Describe nursing when working with patients and alcohol - Answer-Alcohol intoxication
- no antidote for alcohol is available
