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EXAM 3 NU 317 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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EXAM 3 NU 317 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Hydronephrosis - Ans:-Distention or renal calyces and pelvis caused by obstruction Hydroureter - Ans:-dilation of the ureter caused by obstruction dyuria - Ans:-painful/difficulty urinating pyuria - Ans:-presence of white cells in the urine, usually...

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  • October 23, 2024
  • 43
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • 2024/2025
  • 2024/2025
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GraceAmelia
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EXAM 3 NU 317 PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS


Hydronephrosis - Ans:✔✔-Distention or renal calyces and pelvis caused by obstruction


Hydroureter - Ans:✔✔-dilation of the ureter caused by obstruction


dyuria - Ans:✔✔-painful/difficulty urinating


pyuria - Ans:✔✔-presence of white cells in the urine, usually indicating infection


risk factors for uti - Ans:✔✔-•Sexual activity


•Diabetes


•Poor hygiene


•BPH


•Recent catheterizations


Foreign objects such as contraceptive diaphragms


pathophysiology of uti - Ans:✔✔-•Bacteria enter the sterile bladder causing inflammation
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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




•Most common bacteria - E. Coli


medical management for UTI - Ans:✔✔-•Antimicrobial therapy- co-trimoxazole

(trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole), nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin


•Phenazopyridine- Relieves the pain, burning, and discomfort caused by infection or irritation of the

urinary tract. It is not an antibiotic.


Risk factors for Pyelonephritis - Ans:✔✔-•Multiple pre-existing U T I's


•Pregnancy


pathophysiology for UTIs - Ans:✔✔-•Inflammation of renal parenchyma and urinary collecting system


clinical manifestations of pyelonephritis - Ans:✔✔-•Fever, chills, nausea, vomiting


•Back or flank pain


•Costovertebral tenderness


•Enlarged kidneys


Treatment of pyelonephritis - Ans:✔✔-•Hospitalization


•Hydration


•Antibiotics


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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




diagnosis of pyelonphritis - Ans:✔✔-•Laboratory testing


•CT scan


•Ultrasound


risk factors of urolithiasis - Ans:✔✔-•Family history


•Industrialized countries- high dietary protein intake


pathophysiology of urolithiasis - Ans:✔✔-•Four main types of stones: Calcium, Struvite, Uric and Cystine


•Spasms of the ureter occur because of obstruction of one of four sites àshearing off of the ureteral

mucosaà bleeding and build up of pressure and spasms causing pain


clinical manifestations of urolithiasis - Ans:✔✔-•Severe pain when stone lodges in ureter


•Gross hematuria


diagnosis of urolithiasis - Ans:✔✔-•UA


•Non-contrast stone survey C T scan


•Kidney ureter bladder (K U B) x-ray


•US and MRI may be used


treatment of urolithiasis - Ans:✔✔-•50% pass spontaneously
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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




•Increase hydration, Flomax (Tamsulosin)


•Pain control- opioids


surgical management of urolithiasis - Ans:✔✔-•Ureteroscopy


•Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy


•HCTZ- limits calcium excretion into the urine


support for the passage of renal calculi - Ans:✔✔-Pain control, increased fluid intake and Tamsulosin

(Flomax) daily


asymptomatic bacteriuria - Ans:✔✔-•2 consecutive urine cultures > 100,000 bacteria


•No symptoms


•Occur most in older females


•By definition, asymptomatic bacteriuria is not an infection. In rare cases where treatment is

recommended— pregnant women and patients about to undergo a urological procedure involving the

mucosa—the prescription of antibiotics should be considered prophylaxis against subsequent infection,

rather than treatment of infection.


interstitial cystitis - Ans:✔✔-•Unknown etiology


•Causes chronic pelvic pain, perineal pain, dysuria, urgency, frequency, sense of bladder fullness

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