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Exam 1 HS 350 ISU with 100- correct answers 2025.
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Exam 1 HS 350 ISU with 100- correct answers 2025.
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Exam 1 HS 350 ISUwith 100% correct
answers 2025
relative risk calculation
(Present with disease and risk/Present with disease and risk+not present
with disease but with risk)/ ((present with disease+not risk)/Present with
disease but no risk+not present with disease and no risk)
Leading causes of diease
1. Heart disease
2. Cancer
3. non infections airway diseases
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,Epidemiology study design
1. Observational studies:
a)cross-sectional study (quick and easy)
b)case-control studies(quick,
c)prospective cohort studies
2. experimental studies
a) Randomized controlled trials
BEST!
5 criteria for causation
1. Temporal sequence
2. Strength of association
3. Consistency
4. Dose response
5. Biological plausibility
Neoplasm
new growth (tumor)
Carcinoma
cancerous tumor made up of cells of epithelial origin
Sarcoma
malignant tumor of connective tissue
Benign cancer names
FIbroma
lipoma
osteoma
chondroma
hemangioma
ends in oma
Malignant cancer names
Fibrosarcoma
liposarcoma
osteosarcoma
chondrosarcoma
hemangiosarcoma
leukemia
lymphoma )exception to the oma benign thing
ends in sarcoma
, Cancer inflammation types
Acute inflammation:
by infection or injury, localized, release leukocytes
Chronic inflammation:
persistent infection, autoimmune reaction, environment
cause abnormal tissue scarring and damage/fibrosis
Things that increase inflammation(cancer)
Trans fatty acids
saturated fatty acids
high sugar foods
alcohol
smoking
excess exercise
Cause of neoplasm:
nromal cell has DNA damage, then activates oncogene promotion, inactive
tumor suppresion genes, apoptosis gene alteration, then unregulated cell
differentiation and growth
Root cause of all neoplasms
damaged DNA
transformation of benign to malignant is slow
immune system plays important role in prevention
Common carcinogens
Sunlight
Radiation
smoked foods
viruses
chemicals
hpv
Immunne defense to neoplasia
destroy the invading protein
mutant cells are eliminated by immune system
Cancer Epidemiology
2nd leading cause of death
Older people have more cancer
Breast cancer is #1 in women
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