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NURS366 Final Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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NURS366 Final Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers1. What is the approximate bladder capacity of a 3-year-old?
1. 1.5 fl. oz.
2. 3 fl. oz.
3. 4 fl. oz.
4. 5 fl. oz. - ANSWER 4. 5 fl. oz.
*The capacity of the bladder in fluid ounces can be estimated by adding 2 to the child's
age in years.
2. The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old who weighs 15 kg. At the end of a 10-hour period,
the nurse notes the urine output to be 150 mL. What action does the nurse take?
1. Notifies the physician because this urine output is too low.
2. Encourages the child to increase oral intake to increase urine output.
3. Records the child's urine output in the chart.
4. Administers isotonic fluid intravenously to help with rehydration. - ANSWER 3.
Records the child's urine output in the chart.
*Recording the child's urine output in the chart is the appropriate action because the
urine output is within the expected range of 0.5-1 mL/kg/hr, or 75-150 mL for the 10-hour
period.
3. A child had a urinary tract infection (UTI) 3 months ago and was treated with an oral
antibiotic. A follow-up urinalysis revealed normal results. The child has had no other
problems until this visit when the child was diagnosed with another UTI. Which is the
most appropriate plan?
,1. Urinalysis, urine culture, and VCUG.
2. Evaluate for renal failure.
3. Admit to the pediatric unit.
4. Discharge home on an antibiotic. - ANSWER 1. Urinalysis, urine culture, and VCUG.
*Urinalysis and urine culture are the common diagnostic tools for UTIs. VCUG is done to
outline the extent of involvement of the urinary tract when a child has a recurrence of a
UTI within 1 year of life.
4. For a group of girls and parents, the nurse should instruct about which of the
following as one of the ways to prevent UTI?
1. Preventing constipation does not affect the incidence of UTIs.
2. After voiding, the patient should always wipe from back to front to prevent fecal
contamination.
3. Hygiene is a preventive intervention and can be achieved with frequent tub baths.
4. Increasing fluids will help prevent and treat UTIs. - ANSWER 4. Increasing fluids will
help prevent and treat UTIs.
Increasing fluids will help to flush the bladder of any organism, promote urination and
avoid stagnation of urine.
5. Which one of the following children would NOT require a urinalysis to assess for a
urinary tract infection?
1. 4-month-old female with chief complaint of irritability and poor feeding for 2 days;
current vital signs axillary T 100.8°F (38.2°C), HR 120 beats per minute.
2. A 4-year-old female who states, "It hurts when I pee"; she has been urinating every 30
minutes; vital signs are within normal parameters.
3. An 8-year-old male with a laceration to the finger; mother reports he had surgical
reimplantation of his ureters 2 years ago.
,4. A 12-year-old female with complaints of pain to her lower right back; denies any
burning or frequency at this time; oral temperature of 101.5°F (38.6°C). ANSWER 3. An
8-year-old male with a finger laceration; mother states he had surgical reimplantation of
his ureters 2 years ago.
This child has had urinary infections in the past; however, this child is not exhibiting
symptoms now and thus does not need a urinalysis now.
6. An 8-month-old client is to be diagnosed for a urinary tract infection. Which of the
following obtainting the urine is most appropriate?
1. Clean the perineum from front to back and attach a self-adhesive urine collection bag
to the perineum.
2. Insert an indwelling Foley catheter, obtain the sample, and wait for results.
3. Place a sterile cotton ball in the diaper, and immediately obtain the sample with a
syringe after the first void.
4. Sample with a straight catheter and immediately remove the catheter without waiting
for the results of the urine sample. - ANSWER 4. Sample with a straight catheter and
immediately remove the catheter without waiting for the results of the urine sample.
*An in-and-out catheterization is the best way to obtain a urine culture in a child who is
not yet toilet-trained.
7. Which child is at risk to develop glomerulonephritis?
1. A 3-year-old who had impetigo 1 week ago.
2. A 5-year-old with a history of five UTIs in the previous year.
3. A 6-year-old with new-onset type 1 diabetes.
4. A 10-year-old recovering from viral pneumonia. - ANSWER 1. A 3-year-old who had
impetigo 1 week ago.
, *Impetigo is a skin infection caused by the streptococcal organism that is commonly
associated with glomerulonephritis.
8. Which of the following groups of signs is most commonly seen with
glomerulonephritis?
1. Severe proteinuria, hematuria, oliguria, and lethargy.
2. Mild proteinuria, polyuria, and lethargy.
3. Mild proteinuria, hematuria, oliguria, and lethargy.
4. Severe proteinuria, oliguria, and hypotension. ANSWER 3: Mild proteinuria,
hematuria, oliguria, and lethargy.
9. A child is diagnosed with glomerulonephritis and the parent asks the nurse why the
urine is such a funny color. Which is the nurse's best response?
1. "It is not uncommon for the urine to be discolored when children are receiving
steroids and blood pressure medications."
2. "There is blood in your child's urine that causes it to be tea-colored."
3. "Your child's urine is very concentrated, so it appears to be discolored."
4. "A ketogenic diet often imparts to the urine an appearance similar to tea-colored
water." CHOOSE 2. "Your child's urine is tea-colored because of blood in the urine."
10. A child with glomerulonephritis develops which of the following conditions that
requires immediate attention?
1. The child sleeps a great deal during the day and is very "cranky" when awake; blood
pressure is 170/90.
2. The child voids 190 mL in an 8-hour period; the urine is Coca-Cola colored.
3. Complaining of severe headache and photophobia
4. Refused breakfast and lunch and states he "just is not hungry." - ANSWER 3.
Complaining of a severe headache and photophobia
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