Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development: Level 1 - ANSWER Pre-conventional: Obedience
and punishment orientation & Self-interest orientation
At stage 1 children think of what is right as that which authority says is right. Doing the
right thing is obeying authority and avoiding punishment.
At stage 2, children are no longer so impressed by any single authority; they see that there
are different sides to any issue.
Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development: Level 2 - ANSWER Conventional: Social norms & Law
and order morality)
At stage 3, they emphasize being a good person, which basically means having helpful motives
toward people close to one
At stage 4, the concern shifts toward obeying laws to maintain society as a whole.
Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development: Level 3 - ANSWER Post Conventional: Social contract
orientation & Universal ethical principles
At stage 5 they emphasize basic rights and the democratic processes that give everyone a say
At stage 6 they define the principles by which agreement will be most just.
Bandura - ANSWER Focuses on children ability to learn by observing others
Piagets stages of cognitive development - ANSWER Sensorimotor: (birth to about age 2)
Preoperational: (begins about the time the child starts to talk to about age 7)
, Concrete: (about first grade to early adolescence)
Formal Operations: (adolescence)
Sensorimotor stage - ANSWER Piaget 1st stage of cognitive development: (birth to about 2) -
Reflex base, coordinate reflexes
Preoperational stage - ANSWER Piaget 2nd stage of cognitive development: (2-7 years old) - Self
oriented, egocentric
Concrete stage - ANSWER Piaget 3nd stage of cognitive development:(7-11 yeats old)- The child
develops an ability to think abstractly and to make rational judgments about concrete objects
Formal operational stage - ANSWER Piaget 4nd stage of cognitive development: (adolescence/ 11-
15 years old) - Reasons in more abstract and logical ways. thought is more idealistic
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER a pyramid depicting the levels of human needs,
psychological and physical. When a human being ascends the steps of the pyramid he reaches
self actualization. At the bottom of the pyramid are the Basic needs or Physiological needs
Garnder's theory of multiple intelligences - ANSWER Proposed that there are seven types of
intelligences: Verbal, Mathematical, Spatial, Kinesthetic, Self-reflective, interpersonal, and
musical.
Social Learning theory - ANSWER the study of how people learn from observing others
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