Exam Week 3: NR668 / NR 668 (Latest )
Psychiatric-Mental Health Capstone Practicum &
Intensive | Review Questions and Answers | 100% Correct |
Grade A – Chamberlain
what are some uses for estim (8)
- ANS -1. sensory level pain control
2. motor level pain control
3. noxious level pain control
4. muscle reeducation
5. muscle pumping
6. muscle atrophy retardating
7. acute edema
8. iontophoresis
how does estim promote optimal tissue healing - ANS -alters the electrical field of
cells
how does estim control pain at the sensory level - ANS -gate control mechanism
how does estim control pain at the motor level - ANS -endogenous opiates
how does estim control pain at the noxious level - ANS -central biasing
how does iontophoresis work - ANS -drives medication into the skin by creating
an electrical field that causes ion transfer
what is frequency - ANS -number of cycles or pulses per seconds
what frequency do tissues respond to - ANS -0.1-300 Hz
how is direct frequency measured - ANS -pulses per second
how is alternating current frequency measured - ANS -Hz or cycles per second
where can electrodes be placed (6)
,- ANS -1. painful area
2. dermatomes/myotomes
3. trigger points
4. acupuncture points
5. swelling area
6. motor points
what are motor points - ANS -area where the nerve is most superficial requiring
least amount of electricity; predictably placed
what is electrical current - ANS -net movement of electrons through conduction
medium
what is the potential difference between 2 points - ANS -voltage
how are watts measured - ANS -amperes x voltage
how are amperes measured - ANS -1 coulomb per sec
how is current measured - ANS -amperes
what is the charge of the cathode - ANS -negative
what is the charge of the anode - ANS -positive
what is resistance determined by (6)
- ANS -1. material
2. length (shorter is better)
3. cross-sectional diameter (larger is better)
4. temperature
5. tissue type
6. skin condition
how does tissue type affect resistance - ANS -higher water content will have least
resistance
what is the order of resistance of tissues from least to greatest (7)
, - ANS -1. blood
2. nerve
3. muscle
4. tendon
5. skin
6. fat
7. bone
what is a series circuit - ANS -only one available path for electrons to travel
what is a parallel circuit - ANS -multiple paths available for electron travel
what is a direct current - ANS -monophasic current where electrons always flow in
same direction
what are the goals of a direct current - ANS -speed tissue healing or drive
medication into the tissues
what is an alternating current - ANS -biphasic current where flow changes as
polarity is changed (still flows negative to positive) and polarity is continuously
reversed
what are the goals of using an alternating current - ANS -pain relief and/or muscle
contraction
what is a pulsed contraction - ANS -polyphasic current where there are short
bursts of AC followed by off periods
what is a pulse - ANS -the individual wave form
what is a phase - ANS -part of the phase on one side of baseline
how is current modulated (4)
- ANS -1. continuous
2. interrupted
3. burst
4. ramped or surge
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