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Patho final neuro 2 Exam
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Patho final neuro 2 Exam Patho final neuro 2 Exam Patho final neuro 2 Exam
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Patho final neuro 2 ExamWhat causes increased intracranial pressure? - ANS - increased volume in the cranium
- the skull does not expand in adults
When volume increases in the brain, what compensates? - ANS CSF and blood volume shifts
Causes of increased intracranial pressure - ANS traumatic brain injury, tumor, hydrocephalus, cerebral
edema, and hemorrhage
cranial hemorrhage causing increased intracranial pressure - ANS blood that forms a lesion that takes up
space in the closed cranium
- blood is toxic to brain cells and places pressure on brain tissue
Brain tumor causing increased intracranial pressure - ANS - Excess tumor tissue changes the equilibrium
of the ICP's components
- compresses vessels... diminishes blood flow leading to venous congestion & increased hydrostatic
pressure---leads to edema.
Inflammation causing increased intracranial pressure - ANS increases permeability of vessels leading
edema.
Intracranial Hypertension (intracranial pressure) diagnosis - ANS •History & physical exam
•Glasgow Coma scale
•Head CT, MRI
Intracranial Hypertension (intracranial pressure) treatment - ANS - depends on cause (bleed, tumor,
hydrocephalus, meningitis).
, - Rest the brain
•Prevent increases in ICP
•Prevent complications
Manifestations of Intracranial Hypertension - ANS - dec LOC
- Vomiting (often projectile)
−Rising blood pressure
−Increasing pulse pressure
−Bradycardia
−Papilledema
−Fixed and dilated pupils
−Posturing
What is Cushing's triad? - ANS - increased blood pressure, bradycardia, and Cheyne-Stokes respiratory
pattern
- this is a late sign indicating herniation.
What is brain herniation - ANS -is when brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood vessels are moved or
pressed away from their usual position inside the skull
Autoregulation - ANS the ability of tissues to regulate their own blood supply
- vessels constrict if ICP increases
Cushing's reflex - ANS •hypothalamus increases sympathetic stimulation when the mean arterial
pressure drops below the ICP.
- vasoconstriction, inc cardiac contractility and output
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